< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/yáwah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas, from Proto-Indo-European *yéwos.

Noun

*yáwah m[1][2]

  1. barley
  2. cereal, grain

Inflection
masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *yáwah *yáwā *yáwā
vocative *yáwa *yáwā *yáwā
accusative *yáwam *yáwā *yáwānh
instrumental *yáwā *yáwaybyaH *yáwāyš
ablative *yáwāt *yáwaybyaH *yáwaybyah
dative *yáwāy *yáwaybyaH *yáwaybyah
genitive *yáwahya *yáwayāh *yáwānam
locative *yáway *yáwayaw *yáwayšu

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬫𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (yauua)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian:
      • Ossetian: йӕу (jæw)
      • Wakhi: žaw, žow
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: ιαοι (iaoi), ιαο (iao), ιαοο (iaoo /⁠yaw⁠/)
      • Proto-Sogdic:
        • Sogdian: (/⁠yəwí⁠/)
          Sogdian script: 𐼷𐼴𐼷 (ywy)
          Manichaean script: 𐫏𐫇𐫏 (ywy)
        • Yagnobi: [script needed] (yaw)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Parachi: [script needed] (žō)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
      • Munji: [script needed] (you)
      • Shughni: ǰav
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: ceh
      Central Kurdish: جۆ (co)
    • Old Median: *yáwah
      • Kermanic:
        Nayini: یَ (ya)
      • Talysh:
        Northern Talysh: یو (yəv)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: *yáwah
      • Middle Persian:
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (Šᵍ /⁠jaw⁠/)
      • ⇒ Old Persian:
        • → Aramaic: [script needed] (ywdn, “grain-house”)

Further reading
  • Abajev, V. I. (1958) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 563–564

References
  1. Cheung, Johnny (2002) Studies in the Historical Development of the Ossetic Vocalism (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN, page 49: “Plr. *i̯au̯a-”
  2. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 123: “*i̯áu̯a-”
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