< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšiHrám

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšiHrám, possibly borrowed from the BMAC substrate.[1]

Noun

*xšiHrám n[2][3][4]

  1. milk
    Synonyms: *xšwiptah, *páyHah, *páyHmā

Inflection
neuter a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *xšiHrám *xšiHráy *xšiHráH
vocative *xšiHrám *xšiHráy *xšiHráH
accusative *xšiHrám *xšiHráy *xšiHráH
instrumental *xšiHrā́ *xšiHráybyaH *xšiHrā́yš
ablative *xšiHrā́t *xšiHráybyaH *xšiHráybyah
dative *xšiHrā́y *xšiHráybyaH *xšiHráybyah
genitive *xšiHráhya *xšiHráyāh *xšiHrā́nam
locative *xšiHráy *xšiHráyaw *xšiHráyšu

Descendants
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • >? Khotanese: [script needed] (tcīratsa, “sweet juice”) (+ *cyah?[5])
    • Ossetian: (/⁠(ā)xšēr⁠/)
      Digor Ossetian: ӕхсир (æxsir), хсир (xsir)
      Iron Ossetian: ӕхсыр (æxsyr), хсыр (xsyr)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
      • Pashto: شودې (šode)
    • Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
      • Munji: خشیر (xšīr)
      • Yidgha: خشیره (xšīra)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: شیر (šír)
    • Kurdish:
      Central Kurdish: شیر (şîr)
      Northern Kurdish: şîr
      Southern Kurdish: شیر (şîr)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠šīr⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫏𐫡 (šyr), 𐫢𐫏𐫏𐫡 (šyyr)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (HLḆA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (šyl)

References
  1. Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki
  2. The template Template:R:ine:HCHIEL does not use the parameter(s): 
    vol=I
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 582
  3. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “ksīrá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 433
  4. Kim, Ronald I. (2007) “Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics‎, volume 112, →DOI, →ISSN, page 50
  5. Bailey, H. W. (1979) “tcīratsa”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 140
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