< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/háwHmah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáwHmas.

Noun

*háwHmah m[1]

  1. haoma plant (Ephedra spp.)
  2. haoma plant extract, parahaoma
  3. plant hypostasic divinity of the haoma plant, Haoma

Inflection
masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *háwHmah *háwHmā *háwHmā
vocative *háwHma *háwHmā *háwHmā
accusative *háwHmam *háwHmā *háwHmānh
instrumental *háwHmā *háwHmaybyaH *háwHmāyš
ablative *háwHmāt *háwHmaybyaH *háwHmaybyah
dative *háwHmāy *háwHmaybyaH *háwHmaybyah
genitive *háwHmahya *háwHmayāh *háwHmānam
locative *háwHmay *háwHmayaw *háwHmayšu
  • *háwHmā m[2]
    • Munji: [script needed] (yūmana)
    • Pashto: اومان (umān), ومان (vumā́n)
    • Semnani: [script needed] (umān), [script needed] (wumān)
    • Shughni: amōǰak (“ephedra, conifer”)

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian: *hū́mā
      • ⇒ Proto-Scythian: *hū́māki
        • Wakhi: yimыk, imыk
      • ⇒ Proto-Scythian: *hū́mawargi
        • ⇒ Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *húmūrgi
          • → Akkadian: 𒅇𒈬𒌨𒂵 (ú-mu-ur-ga /⁠umūrga⁠/)
          • → Ancient Greek: Ἀμύγιοι (Amúgioi)
        • → Old Persian: 𐏃𐎢𐎶𐎺𐎼𐎥 (h-u-m-v-r-g /⁠haumavargaʰ⁠/, “Scythian tribe name”, literally “haoma-laying”) (perhaps)
          • → Elamite: 𒌋𒈬𒈥𒋡 (u-mu-mar-qa /⁠umumarqa⁠/)
    • Sogdian: 𐼲𐼴𐼺 (ɣwm)
      • → Persian: خوم (xwm)
      • → Tajik:
        Zarafshani: хума (xuma), хома (xoma)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Pashto: اومه (umə́)
    • Munji: [script needed] (yūmə́ɣə), [script needed] (yūmə́gə, “flax”)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: [script needed] (hom), [script needed] (ōma), هومک (hómmuk)
    • Semnani: [script needed] (ama), [script needed] (omə)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian:
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwm /⁠hōm⁠/)
      • Classical Persian: هوم (hōm)
        • Iranian Persian: هوم (howm, “ephedra; syrup made from ephedra”)

References
  1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*²hau- : hu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 378-380
  2. Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) “yimыk, imыk”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, pages 424-435
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