< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hacwabāráh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology
PIE word
*h₁éḱwos

From *Hácwah (“horse”) +‎ *bāráh (“carried”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰor-ó-s, from *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”) +‎ *-ós.

Noun

*Hacwabāráh m[1]

  1. horseman

Inflection
masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *Hacwabāráh *Hacwabārā́ *Hacwabārā́
vocative *Hacwabāra *Hacwabārā́ *Hacwabārā́
accusative *Hacwabārám *Hacwabārā́ *Hacwabārā́nh
instrumental *Hacwabārā́ *HacwabāráybyaH *Hacwabārā́yš
ablative *Hacwabārā́t *HacwabāráybyaH *Hacwabāráybyah
dative *Hacwabārā́y *HacwabāráybyaH *Hacwabāráybyah
genitive *Hacwabāráhya *Hacwabāráyāh *Hacwabārā́nam
locative *Hacwabāráy *Hacwabāráyaw *Hacwabāráyšu

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 (aspabāra)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾ(Y)SPBR(D)K /⁠aspabārak⁠/)
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (aśśbāra)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Old Median: *aspaβārah
      • → Aramaic:
        Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀‬𐡎‬𐡐‬𐡁‬𐡓 (ʾspbr)
      • → Akkadian:
        Late Babylonian: 𒊍𒉺𒁇 (as-pa-bar /⁠aspabar⁠/)
      • → Sanskrit: अश्ववार (aśvavāra)
        • → Gujarati: અશ્વવાર (aśvavār)
    • Zazaki: espar
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼 (a-s-b-a-r /⁠asabāraʰ⁠/)
      • Middle Persian: ʾswbʾl, ʾsp̄wʾl (/⁠aswār⁠/)
        • Classical Persian: سوار (suwār) (see there for further descendants)
          Iranian Persian: سوار (sovâr, savâr)
          Tajik: савор (savor)
          • → Gurani: سوار (swār), سوارە (swāra)
          • → Kurdish:
            Northern Kurdish: siwar
            Central Kurdish: سوار (swar)
            Southern Kurdish: سووار (suwar)
          • → Lurish:
            Northern Luri: سۋار (süār)
            Silakhori: سڤار (sevār)
          Bakhtiari: سڤار (sevār)
          Southern Luri: سڤار (sevār)
      • → Arabic: أُسْوَار (ʔuswār), إِسْوَار (ʔiswār), الأَسَاوِرَة pl (al-ʔasāwira), الأَسَاوِر pl (al-ʔasāwir)
        • → Persian: اسوار (osvâr), اساوره pl (asâvere), اساور pl (asâver)
      • → Bactrian: ασβαρο (asbaro)
      • → Persian: اسوار (asvâr, esvâr), اسواران pl (asvârân)
      • → Classical Syriac: ܐܣܘܪ (eswār)
      • → Old Gujarati: असवार (asavāra)
    • → Parthian: 𐭀𐭎𐭁𐭓𐭉 (ʾsbry)

References
  1. Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*aśu̯a-bāra-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 244
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