< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hā́fš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-.

Noun

*Hā́fš f

  1. water

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Central Iranian:
    • Old Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬋 (apō, acc.pl.)
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬞 (ap), 𐬁𐬟𐬱 (āfš, nom.sg.)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Bactrian:
      Manichaean: 𐫏𐫀𐫂 (/⁠āb, āβ⁠/)
      Greek: αββο (abbo)
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾb /⁠āb⁠/)
    • Sogdic: [script needed] (*ā́p)[1]
      • Sogdian: (/⁠ā́p⁠/)
        Buddhist: [script needed] (ʾʾp)
        Christian: [script needed] (ʾp)
        Manichaean: 𐫀𐫀𐫛 (ʾʾp)
      • Yagnobi: ṓp, ōw
  • Southeastern Iranian:
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: آپ (áp)
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: av
      Central Kurdish: ئاو (aw)
      Southern Kurdish: ئاو (aw)
      Laki: ئاو (aw)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *ā́fš
      • Old Median: *āfš
        • Middle Median: *āv
          • Kermanic:
            Abuzeydabadi, Badrudi, Bijagani, Delijani, Meymehi, Nashalji, Qalhari, Qohrudi: ōw
            Abyanehi, Naraqi, Terrehi: ōv
            Badrudi, Chimehi, Farizandi: ou
            Jowshaqani: ū
            Mahallati, Meymehi: ō
            Nayini: āō
            Yarandi: āv
            Yazdi: vō
          • Sivandi: au
          • Tatic:
            • Talysh: آو (âv), او (ov)
            • Old Tati:
              Old Azari: آو (āw)
              • Alviri-Vidari: او (ov)
              • Eshtehardi: اِو (eow)
              • Karingani: او (öv)
              • Harzani: او (ū)
        • Semnani: ō
      • Tabari:
        • Gilaki: [script needed] (ōv)
        • Mazanderani: او (ow)
      • Zaza-Gurani:
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Larestani–Gulf:
      • Gulf:
        • Bashkardi: [script needed] (yāp), [script needed] (yā), [script needed] (ău)
          Bandari: [script needed] (hü)
        • Kumzari: آو (āw)
      • Larestani: [script needed] (‘aw)
    • Old Persian: [Term?] (/⁠āpī[š]⁠/, nom.sg.), 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a /⁠apiya⁠/, loc.sg.) (transferred to i-stem)
      • Middle Persian:
        Manichaean: 𐫀𐫁 (ʾb /⁠āb⁠/)
        Pahlavi: 𐭠𐭯 (ʾp /⁠āp/, /āβ⁠/)
        • Classical Persian: آب (āb)
          • Dari: آب (āb), (dialectal) اَو (aw)
          • Hazaragi: اَو (aw)
          • Iranian Persian: آب (âb)
          • Tajik: об (ob)
          • → Ottoman Turkish: آب (āb)
            • Turkish: ab
      • Lurish:
        Northern Luri: آۏ (aö)
        • Silakhori: اۋ (oü)
        Bakhtiari: ںۏ (əö)
        Southern Luri: ںۏ (əö)

References
  1. Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 107
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