< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/swáydas
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This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *swóyd-o-s, from *sweyd- (“to sweat”).
Declension
| masculine a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *swáydas | *swáydā | *swáydā, -ās(as) |
| vocative | *swáyda | *swáydā | *swáydā, -ās(as) |
| accusative | *swáydam | *swáydā | *swáydāns |
| instrumental | *swáydā | *swáydaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām | *swáydāyš |
| ablative | *swáydāt | *swáydaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām | *swáydaybʰyas |
| dative | *swáydāy | *swáydaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām | *swáydaybʰyas |
| genitive | *swáydasya | *swáydayās | *swáydāna(H)m |
| locative | *swáyday | *swáydayaw | *swáydayšu |
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swáydas
- Sanskrit: स्वेद (svéda)
- Proto-Iranian: *hwáydah (“sweat”)
- Avestan: 𐬑𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛𐬀 (xvaēda)
- → Middle Persian: [Term?] (/xwēd/, “moistness (ancient natural science);damp, moist, fresh”)
- Khotanese: 𐨱𐨿𐨬𐨁𐨌 (hvī)
- Wakhi: خیل (ẋil)
- Khwarezmian: خیل (xyl /*xēl/)
- Pashto: خوله (xwala)
- Ormuri: خوله (xōla)
- Baluchi: ہید (hed)
- Kurdish:
- Northern Kurdish: xuh, xwêdan
- Middle Persian: (/xwēy/, “sweat, perspiration”)
- Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwyd)
- Pazend script: 𐬓𐬀𐬈 (xᵛae)
- Avestan: 𐬑𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛𐬀 (xvaēda)
- Proto-Nuristani: (< *āswáydas)[2]
References
- Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 582: “PIIr. *su̯ái̯da-”
- Strand, Richard F. (2016) “âsveda”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon
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