Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/r̥Hdʰwás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *r̥h₃dʰ-wó-s, laryngeal metathesis of *h₃r̥dʰ-wó-s, from *h₃erdʰ- (“upright, high”) +‎ *-wós.

Adjective

*r̥Hdʰwás[1]

high, upright

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *r̥Hdʰwás
- Sanskrit: ऊर्ध्व (ūrdhvá)[2]
  - Pali: uddha, ubbha
  - Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀉𑀤𑁆𑀥 (uddha), 𑀉𑀩𑁆𑀪 (ubbha)
    - Awadhi: ऊभ (ūbh)
    - Old Gujarati: ऊभउं (ūbhaũ)
      - Gujarati: ઊભું (ūbhũ)
      - Marwari: ऊभौ (ūbhau)
Proto-Iranian: *r̥Hdwáh (see there for further descendants)

References

Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “іrdhvá-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ūrdhvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

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[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “іrdhvá-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[2] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ūrdhvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press