< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hrátʰas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *Hrót-h₂-os, from *Hret- (“to roll”).[1]

Noun

*Hrátʰas m

  1. chariot

Declension
masculine a-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *Hrátʰas *Hrátʰā *Hrátʰā, -ās(as)
vocative *Hrátʰa *Hrátʰā *Hrátʰā, -ās(as)
accusative *Hrátʰam *Hrátʰā *Hrátʰāns
instrumental *Hrátʰā *HrátʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *Hrátʰāyš
ablative *Hrátʰāt *HrátʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *Hrátʰaybʰyas
dative *Hrátʰāy *HrátʰaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām *Hrátʰaybʰyas
genitive *Hrátʰasya *Hrátʰayās *Hrátʰāna(H)m
locative *Hrátʰay *Hrátʰayaw *Hrátʰayšu

Descendants
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrátʰas
    • Sanskrit: रथ (rátha) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Iranian: *Hráθah
    • Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬚𐬀 (raθa)
    • Old Persian: [script needed] (uraθa-)
      • Middle Persian: (/rah/)
        Manichaean: 𐫡𐫍 (rh), 𐫡𐫍𐫏 (rhy)
        Book Pahlavi: [script needed] (ls), [script needed] (lẖ), [script needed] (lhy)
    • →⇒? Old Armenian: արահետ (arahet)

References
  1. Lipp, Reiner (2009) Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 58: “*rót-h₂/éh₂-”
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