< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sokʷós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

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*sokʷós m[1][2]

  1. juice of plants
    Synonym: *swokʷós

Declension
Thematic
singular
nominative *sokʷós
genitive *sokʷósyo
singular dual plural
nominative *sokʷós *sokʷóh₁ *sokʷóes
vocative *sokʷé *sokʷóh₁ *sokʷóes
accusative *sokʷóm *sokʷóh₁ *sokʷóms
genitive *sokʷósyo *? *sokʷóHom
ablative *sokʷéad *? *sokʷómos
dative *sokʷóey *? *sokʷómos
locative *sokʷéy, *sokʷóy *? *sokʷóysu
instrumental *sokʷóh₁ *? *sokʷṓys

Descendants
  • Proto-Albanian: *źak-
    • Albanian: gjak (“blood”)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sakás (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *sakʷos (“fir”)
    • ⇒ Proto-Celtic:
      • Proto-Brythonic:
        • Welsh: sybwydd
    • Gaulish: *sappos (“fir tree”)
      • → Latin: sappinus (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *hokʷós
    • Ancient Greek: ὀπός (opós, “juice (of plants)”)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *sekwe (“pus”)

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2015) “sakai”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 386-387
  2. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὀπός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1093
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