< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kʷálos
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Sometimes compared with Proto-Uralic *kala.
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *(s)kʷálos | ||
| genitive | *(s)kʷálosyo | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *(s)kʷálos | *(s)kʷáloh₁ | *(s)kʷáloes |
| vocative | *(s)kʷále | *(s)kʷáloh₁ | *(s)kʷáloes |
| accusative | *(s)kʷálom | *(s)kʷáloh₁ | *(s)kʷáloms |
| genitive | *(s)kʷálosyo | *? | *(s)kʷáloHom |
| ablative | *(s)kʷálead | *? | *(s)kʷálomos |
| dative | *(s)kʷáloey | *? | *(s)kʷálomos |
| locative | *(s)kʷáley, *(s)kʷáloy | *? | *(s)kʷáloysu |
| instrumental | *(s)kʷáloh₁ | *? | *(s)kʷálōys |
Descendants
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Old Prussian: kalis (“sheatfish”)
- Proto-Germanic: *hwalaz (“whale”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ἄσπαλος (áspalos, “fish”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)káras
- Proto-Iranian: *(s)kárah
- Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”)
- Proto-Iranian: *(s)kárah
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: squalus (“shark”) (see there for further descendants)
References
Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 147
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