< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slaiwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain. Expected to reflect either pre-Germanic *sloy(H)-wo-s or *slo/aH-i-wo-s. Kroonen prefers the former, tentatively comparing Sanskrit स्रीव्यति (srī́vyati, “to turn out badly, fail”) for Proto-Indo-European *sliH-u-.[1] For the latter, compare Ancient Greek λαιός (laiós, “left (side); awkward”), Latin laevus, Proto-Slavic *lěvъ (“left”) (originally meaning *“askew”?), but the semantic connection is weak. Kroonen rejects this along with any relation to Ancient Greek λίαρος (líaros, “mild”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈslɑi̯.wɑz/

Adjective

*slaiwaz[2][1]

  1. blunt; dull
  2. exhausted; weary; faint; weak; sluggish
  3. listless; torpid
  4. dim-witted; slow
  5. slack; lazy
    Synonym: *slakaz

Inflection
Declension of *slaiwaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative *slaiwaz *slaiwai *slaiwō *slaiwôz *slaiwą, -atō *slaiwō
Accusative *slaiwanǭ *slaiwanz *slaiwǭ *slaiwōz *slaiwą, -atō *slaiwō
Genitive *slaiwas, -is *slaiwaizǫ̂ *slaiwaizōz *slaiwaizǫ̂ *slaiwas, -is *slaiwaizǫ̂
Dative *slaiwammai *slaiwaimaz *slaiwaizōi *slaiwaimaz *slaiwammai *slaiwaimaz
Instrumental *slaiwanō *slaiwaimiz *slaiwaizō *slaiwaimiz *slaiwanō *slaiwaimiz
Weak declension
Case Masculine Feminine Neuter
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative *slaiwô *slaiwaniz *slaiwǭ *slaiwōniz *slaiwô *slaiwōnō
Accusative *slaiwanų *slaiwanunz *slaiwōnų *slaiwōnunz *slaiwô *slaiwōnō
Genitive *slaiwiniz *slaiwanǫ̂ *slaiwōniz *slaiwōnǫ̂ *slaiwiniz *slaiwanǫ̂
Dative *slaiwini *slaiwammaz *slaiwōni *slaiwōmaz *slaiwini *slaiwammaz
Instrumental *slaiwinē *slaiwammiz *slaiwōnē *slaiwōmiz *slaiwinē *slaiwammiz


Derived terms

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *slaiw
    • Old English: slāw, slǣw, slēaw
    • Old Frisian: *slāw, *slāu
      • West Frisian: sleau
    • Old Saxon: *slēw, slēu
      • Middle Low German: sleu, slē
        • Dutch Low Saxon: slee
        • Westphalian:
          Westmünsterländisch: schlee
    • Old Dutch: *slēw
    • Old High German: slēo
      • Middle High German: slē
        • German: schlehe, schleh; schlēch, schlö (“dull, blunt”; dialectal)
        • Swabian: schlēw
  • Old Norse: sljór, sljár, slær

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*slaiwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*slaiwaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 349
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