Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/landaskapiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *landą (“land”) +‎ *-skapiz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɑn.dɑ.ˌskɑ.piz/

Noun

*landaskapiz m[1]

landscape
region, area

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *landaskapiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*landaskapiz	*landaskapīz
vocative	*landaskapi	*landaskapīz
accusative	*landaskapį	*landaskapinz
genitive	*landaskapīz	*landaskapjǫ̂
dative	*landaskapī	*landaskapimaz
instrumental	*landaskapī	*landaskapimiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *landaskapi
- Old English: landscipe, landsċeap
  - Middle English: *landschippe, *landschapp
    - English: landscape (influenced by Dutch landschap), landskip, lantschip (obsolete)
    - Scots: landskip, landskipe
- Old Frisian: *landskipe
  - West Frisian: lânskip
- Old Saxon: landskepi
  - Middle Low German: lantschap, lantschop
    - Low German: landschop
- Old Dutch: *landskepi, *landskapi
  - Middle Dutch: landscap, lantscap
    - Dutch: landschap
- Old High German: lantskaf
  - Middle High German: lantschaft
    - German: Landschaft
Old Norse: landskapr
- Icelandic: landskapur
- Swedish: landskap

References

Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*landa-skapaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 235

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[1] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*landa-skapaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 235