< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwehwlą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlom (“wheel”). The plural *hweulō is from the Proto-Indo-European collective *kʷekʷléh₂ (“wheels”), and the neuter gender was likely back-formed from that.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxʷe.xʷlɑ̃/

Noun

*hwehwlą n

  1. wheel

Inflection

The plural *hweulō descends from an Indo-European collective noun and shows the original Verner alternant *gw, which later became *w (represented by *u).

neuter a-stemDeclension of *hwehwlą (neuter a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hwehwlą *hweulō
vocative *hwehwlą *hweulō
accusative *hwehwlą *hweulō
genitive *hwehwlas, *hwihwlis *hweulǫ̂
dative *hwihwlai *hweulamaz
instrumental *hwehwlō *hweulamiz
  • *hwelą

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hwehwl
    • Old English: hweogl, hweogol, hweohl, hweowl, hweowol (from singular), hwēol (from plural *hweulō)
    • Old Frisian: hwēl (in compounds), fiāl, tziāl
      • North Frisian: weyel, weel
      • Saterland Frisian: Wäil, Jool
      • West Frisian: fjil, tsjil, tsjel
    • Old Saxon: hwiol
    • Old Dutch: *wiol
    • Old High German: *wihil
      • >? Middle High German: *wihel (possibly extinct as simplex)
        • >? German: Wiel, Wiele (“whirl, vortex”, 15th c., may be from Low German, but uncertain)
      • ⇒ Old High German: wihilstein; *wihilasca
        • German: wihelstein; *wihelesche
  • Old Norse: hvél (from singular), hjól (from plural *hweulō)
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