Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōkstabaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*bōkastabô

Etymology

From *bōks (“book”) +‎ *stabaz (“staff, stick”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbɔː.kɑ.ˌstɑ.βɑz/

Noun

*bōkstabaz m

a staff made of beechwood
letter of the alphabet

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *bōkstabaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*bōkstabaz	bōkstabōz, bōkstabōs
vocative	*bōkstab	bōkstabōz, bōkstabōs
accusative	*bōkstabą	*bōkstabanz
genitive	bōkstabas, bōkstabis	*bōkstabǫ̂
dative	*bōkstabai	*bōkstabamaz
instrumental	*bōkstabō	*bōkstabamiz

Related terms

*rūnōstabaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bōkstab; *bōkstabō
- Old English: bōcstæf
  - Middle English: bocstaff, bookstave
    - English: bookstaff, bookstave
- Old Frisian: *bōkstaf, *bōkstef
  - North Frisian:
    Amrum Frisian: buksteew
    
    Föhr Frisian: buksteew
    
    Halligen Frisian: böökstaawe
    
    Karrharde Frisian: bouksteew
    
    Northern Goesharde Frisian: boukstää
    
    Sylt Frisian: Boksteev
    
    Wiedingharde Frisian: bukstääw
  - Saterland Frisian: Boukstäf
- Old Saxon: bōkstaf; bōkstabo
  - Middle Low German: bôkstaf
    - German Low German: Bookstaav
    - Plautdietsch: Buakstow
- Old Dutch: buokstaf, buochstaf; *buokstavo
  - Middle Dutch: boecstaf; boecstave, boecstaef
    - Dutch: boekstaaf
      - Afrikaans: boekstaaf
- Old High German: buohstab; *buohstabo
  - Middle High German: buochstap; buochstabe
    - German: Buchstab; Buchstabe
    - Hunsrik: Buchstaab
    - Luxembourgish: Buschtaf
    - Vilamovian: büchśtaow, büśtow
    - Yiddish: בוכשטאַב (bukhshtab)
Old Norse: bókstafr
- Icelandic: bókstafur
- Faroese: bókstavur
- Norwegian: bokstav
- Old Swedish: bōkstaver
  - Swedish: bokstav
- Danish: bogstav
- Gutnish: bokstav

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