< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂éyos.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɑi̯z/

Noun

*aiz n[1]

  1. copper, bronze
  2. ore

Inflection

Was originally a regular z-stem, but the older nominative singular alternant *ajaz > *āz was levelled out in favour of the oblique stem *aiz. This made it indistinguishable from a neuter consonant stem.

neuter consonant stemDeclension of *aiz (neuter consonant stem)
singular
nominative *aiz
vocative *aiz
accusative *aiz
genitive *aiziz
dative *aizi
instrumental *aizē

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *aiʀ
    • Old English: ār
      • Middle English: ore (merged with ōra)
        • English: ore
        • Scots: ure, uir
    • Old Frisian: *ār, ēr
      • Saterland Frisian: Oare, Orre
    • Old Saxon: ēr
      • Middle Low German: ēr
    • Old Dutch: *ēr
    • Old High German: ēr
      • Middle High German: er
        • Alemannic German: Eer
          • ⇒ Alemannic German: eerig
      • ⇒ Old High German: ērīn
  • Old Norse: eir
    • Icelandic: eir
    • ⇒ Faroese: eirdómur, eirgingin, eirgrønur, eiring
    • Norwegian: eir, irr
    • Old Swedish: ēr
      • Swedish: ärg
    • Danish: er, ir
  • Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐌶 (aiz)

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*aiza-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 16
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