< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/rapëda

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

Unclear. Possibly from the same root as *rabistak, or alternatively, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian trapus) +‎ *-ëda.

Adjective

*rapëda[1]

  1. brittle, crumbly

Inflection
Inflection of *rapëda
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *rapëda *rapëdat
accusative *rapëdan *rapëdat
genitive *rapëdan *rapëdadën
*rapëdëidën
partitive *rapëdata *rapëdëita
inessive *rapëdassa
*rapëdahna		 *rapëdëissa
*rapëdëihna
elative *rapëdasta *rapëdëista
illative *rapëdasën *rapëdëisën
adessive *rapëdalla *rapëdëilla
ablative *rapëdalta *rapëdëilta
allative *rapëdalën
*rapëdalëk		 *rapëdëilën
*rapëdëilëk
essive *rapëdana *rapëdëina
translative *rapëdaksi *rapëdëiksi
instructive *rapëdan *rapëdëin
comitative *rapëdanëk *rapëdëinëk
abessive *rapëdatta *rapëdëitta

Descendants
  • Estonian: rabe
  • Finnish: rapea
  • Ingrian: rappia
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: rapie
  • Veps: rabed
  • Võro: rapõ
  • Votic: rappia

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *frawaz and nativized with +‎ *-ëda.

Adjective

*rapëda[2]

  1. brisk, fast

Inflection
Inflection of *rapëda
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *rapëda *rapëdat
accusative *rapëdan *rapëdat
genitive *rapëdan *rapëdadën
*rapëdëidën
partitive *rapëdata *rapëdëita
inessive *rapëdassa
*rapëdahna		 *rapëdëissa
*rapëdëihna
elative *rapëdasta *rapëdëista
illative *rapëdasën *rapëdëisën
adessive *rapëdalla *rapëdëilla
ablative *rapëdalta *rapëdëilta
allative *rapëdalën
*rapëdalëk		 *rapëdëilën
*rapëdëilëk
essive *rapëdana *rapëdëina
translative *rapëdaksi *rapëdëiksi
instructive *rapëdan *rapëdëin
comitative *rapëdanëk *rapëdëinëk
abessive *rapëdatta *rapëdëitta

Descendants
  • Estonian: rabe
  • Finnish: (dialectal) rapea
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: rapie
    • South Karelian: rabie
  • Livonian: ra’bdõ
  • → Proto-Samic: *rāpëtē (see there for further descendants)

From *ravëda:

  • Karelian:
  • Livvi: ravei
  • Ludian: raved

References
  1. Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*rapëda¹”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto‎ (in Finnish)
  2. Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*rapëda²”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto‎ (in Finnish)

Further reading
  • “rabe”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “rapea”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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