< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/orja

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Finno-Permic *orja, for which two different Proto-Indo-European etymologies have been proposed. Cognates include Erzya уре (uŕe), Moksha уре (uŕe), possibly Proto-Samic *oarjē (“south”).

Noun

*orja[1]

  1. slave
  2. servant

Inflection
Inflection of *orja
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *orja *orjat
accusative *orjan *orjat
genitive *orjan *orjadën
*orjëidën
partitive *orjada *orjëida
inessive *orjassa
*orjahna		 *orjëissa
*orjëihna
elative *orjasta *orjëista
illative *orjahën *orjëihën
adessive *orjalla *orjëilla
ablative *orjalta *orjëilta
allative *orjalën
*orjalëk		 *orjëilën
*orjëilëk
essive *orjana *orjëina
translative *orjaksi *orjëiksi
instructive *orjan *orjëin
comitative *orjanëk *orjëinëk
abessive *orjatta *orjëitta

Descendants
  • Estonian: ori
  • Finnish: orja
  • Ingrian: orja
  • Karelian:
    • North Karelian: orja
    • South Karelian: orja
  • Livonian: vȱŗa (“holder for a shingles burnt for lighting”)
  • Livvi: orja
  • Veps: orj
  • Võro: ori
  • Votic: orjõ

References
  1. Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*orja”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto‎ (in Finnish)

Further reading
  • “ori”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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