< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic
Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kustudak
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Proto-Uralic *kupsa- + *-tudak. Cognate with Proto-Samic *kopsētēk.
Inflection
Inflection of *kustudak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *kustun | *kustuin | — | *kustugon |
| 2nd sing. | *kustut | *kustuit | *kustuk | *kustugos |
| 3rd sing. | *kustubi *kustu |
*kustui | *kustugasën | *kustugosën |
| 1st plur. | *kustukmëk *kustukmak |
*kustuimëk *kustuimak |
*kustugatëmëk *kustugatamak |
*kustugotëmëk *kustugotamak |
| 2nd plur. | *kustuktëk *kustuktak |
*kustuidëk *kustuidak |
*kustugatë *kustugata |
*kustugot'ëk *kustugotadak |
| 3rd plur. | *kustubat *kustu |
*kustui | *kustugasën | *kustugosën |
| passive | *kustuksën *kustut'aksën |
*kustudisën *kustuttisën |
*kustudakahën *kustuttakahën |
*kustudakohën *kustuttakohën |
| connegative | *kustuk | — | *kustugak | *kustugok |
| passive connegative | *kustuktak | — | *kustudagak *kustuttagak |
*kustudagok *kustuttagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *kustukcin | *kustuicin | *kustunën | |
| 2nd sing. | *kustukcit | *kustuicit | *kustunët | |
| 3rd sing. | *kustukci | *kustuici | *kustuni | |
| 1st plur. | *kustukcimëk *kustukcimak |
*kustuicimëk *kustuicimak |
*kustunëmëk *kustunëmak | |
| 2nd plur. | *kustukcidëk *kustukcidak |
*kustuicidëk *kustuicidak |
*kustunëdëk *kustunëdak | |
| 3rd plur. | *kustukci | *kustuici | *kustuni | |
| passive | *kustudakcihën *kustut'akcihën |
*kustudicihën *kustutticihën |
*kustudanëhën *kustuttanëhën | |
| connegative | *kustukcik | *kustuicik | *kustunëk | |
| passive connegative | *kustudakcik *kustut'akcik |
*kustudicik *kustutticik |
*kustudanëk *kustuttanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *kustudak | present | *kustuba | *kustudapa *kustuttapa |
| infinitive 2 | *kustudë- | past | *kustunut | *kustudu *kustuttu |
| gerund/supine | *kustuma | |||
| action noun | *kustuminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: kustuma/kustuda
- Livonian: kistõ
- Võro: kistuma/kistudaq
- Votic: kussua
Further reading
- Entry #416 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- “kustuma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
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