< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kaiho

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *kajša-w (“sickness”). [1]

Noun

*kaiho[2]

  1. harm, damage, loss
  2. sorrow, grief

Inflection
Inflection of *kaiho
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *kaiho *kaihot
accusative *kaihon *kaihot
genitive *kaihon *kaihodën
*kaihoidën
partitive *kaihoda *kaihoida
inessive *kaihossa
*kaihohna		 *kaihoissa
*kaihoihna
elative *kaihosta *kaihoista
illative *kaihohën *kaihoihën
adessive *kaiholla *kaihoilla
ablative *kaiholta *kaihoilta
allative *kaiholën
*kaiholëk		 *kaihoilën
*kaihoilëk
essive *kaihona *kaihoina
translative *kaihoksi *kaihoiksi
instructive *kaihon *kaihoin
comitative *kaihonëk *kaihoinëk
abessive *kaihotta *kaihoitta

Descendants
  • Estonian: kahju
  • Finnish: kaiho
  • Ingrian: kaiho
  • Karelian:
  • Livonian: ka’i, ⇒ ka’jtõ (“to harm, damage”)
    • → Latvian: kaitēt (“to harm, damage”)
  • Võro: kaih

References
  1. Aikio, Ante: Studies in Uralic Etymology II: Finnic Etymologies Linguistica Uralica L 2014 1
  2. Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kaiho”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto‎ (in Finnish)

Further reading
  • “kahju”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
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