< Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic

Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/henki

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

Unknown. Has been compared with various words in other Uralic languages with mainly heat-related meanings (e.g. Erzya ченгемс (čengems, “to burn down; to thirst”), Udmurt ӝог (džog, “hot, drought”), Northern Mansi саӈк (saňk, “sweat”)), and UEW reconstructs a common root *čeŋke, but this is unlikely as initial *č would not regularly result in *h.

Noun

*henki

  1. breath
  2. soul, life force

Inflection
Inflection of *henki
Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
singular plural
nominative *henki *henget
accusative *hengen *henget
genitive *hengen *henkeden
*henkiden
partitive *henkedä *henkidä
inessive *hengessä
*hengehnä		 *hengissä
*hengihnä
elative *hengestä *hengistä
illative *henkehen *henkihen
adessive *hengellä *hengillä
ablative *hengeltä *hengiltä
allative *henkelen
*henkelek		 *henkilen
*henkilek
essive *henkenä *henkinä
translative *hengeksi *hengiksi
instructive *hengen *hengin
comitative *henkenek *henkinek
abessive *hengettä *hengittä

Descendants
  • Estonian: hing
  • Finnish: henki
  • Ingrian: henki
  • Karelian:
  • Livonian: jeng
  • Livvi: hengi
  • Ludian: heng
  • Veps: heng
  • Võro: heng', hing'
  • Votic: entši
  • → Proto-Samic: *(h)eaŋkë (see there for further descendants)

References
  • “hing”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
  • Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
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