< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic

Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/togyā

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From *tog- (“covering”) +‎ *-yā (action noun suffix), ultimately from the root Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg- (“to cover”).

Noun

*togyā f

  1. covering
  2. roof

Inflection
Feminine ā-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *togyā *togyai *togyās
vocative *togyā *togyai *togyās
accusative *togyam *togyai *togyāms
genitive *togyās *togyous *togyom
dative *togyāi *togyābom *togyābos
locative *togyai *? *?
instrumental *? *togyābim *togyābis

Reconstruction notes

The formation of the apparent Brittonic counterpart *toɣ is complicated and uncertain. Schrijver states that hypothetically *togyā can directly phonetically yield *toɣ m,[1] but Gordon points out that there are o-stem compound formations in Old Irish to account for (an o-stem formation can also yield the Brittonic forms, and without gender mismatch). Gordon hence reconstructs a primary o-stem *togos to yield both the Old Irish o-stem formations and the Brittonic derivates, onto which *-yā is further suffixed to create *togyā.[2]

Descendants
  • Old Irish: tugae, tuige
    • Middle Irish: tuga
      • Irish: tuí (“thatch”)
      • Scottish Gaelic: tugha (“thatch”)
  • Celtiberian: togias (gen. sg.)

References
  1. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 311-312
  2. Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, pages 320-321
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