< Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic
Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/lungeti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend”). Cognate with Latin luctor (“to wrestle”) and Old English lūcan (“to lock”).
Inflection
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *lungū | *lungemam | *liluxsū | *lelouga |
| 2nd singular | *lungesi | *lungetās | *liluxsesi | *lelougas? |
| 3rd singular | *lungeti | *lungeto | *liluxseti | *lelouge |
| 1st plural | *lungomosi | *lungemo | *liluxsomosi | *lelougmo |
| 2nd plural | *lungetesi | *lungestē | *liluxsetesi | *lelouxte |
| 3rd plural | *lungonti | *lungento | *liluxsonti | *lelougar |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *lounxsū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *lounxsesi | ? | *lunge | |
| 3rd singular | *lounxseti | ? | *lungetou | |
| 1st plural | *lounxsomosi | ? | *lungomos | |
| 2nd plural | *lounxsetesi | ? | *lungete | |
| 3rd plural | *lounxsonti | ? | *lungontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *lungūr | — | *liluxsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *lungetar | — | *liluxsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *lungetor | ? | *liluxsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *lungommor | — | *liluxsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *lungedwe | — | *liluxsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *lungontor | ? | *liluxsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *lounxsūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *lounxsetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *lounxsetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *lounxsommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *lounxsedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *lounxsontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *luxtos | *luxtou | *luxtoi |
| vocative | *luxte | *luxtou | *luxtoi |
| accusative | *luxtom | *luxtou | *luxtoms |
| genitive | *luxtī | *luxtous | *luxtom |
| dative | *luxtūi | *luxtobom | *luxtobos |
| instrumental | *luxtū | *luxtobim | *luxtobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *luxtā | *luxtai | *luxtās |
| vocative | *luxtā | *luxtai | *luxtās |
| accusative | *luxtam | *luxtai | *luxtams |
| genitive | *luxtās | *luxtous | *luxtom |
| dative | *luxtai | *luxtābom | *luxtābos |
| instrumental | *? | *luxtābim | *luxtābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *luxtom | *luxtou | *luxtā |
| vocative | *luxtom | *luxtou | *luxtā |
| accusative | *luxtom | *luxtou | *luxtā |
| genitive | *luxtī | *luxtous | *luxtom |
| dative | *luxtūi | *luxtobom | *luxtobos |
| instrumental | *luxtū | *luxtobim | *luxtobis |
Derived terms
- *dī-exs-lungeti
- Proto-Brythonic: *dillüngɨd
- Welsh: dillwng
- Proto-Brythonic: *dillüngɨd
- *eni-lungeti
- Old Irish: in·loing
- *exs-lungeti
- Proto-Brythonic: *ėllüngɨd
- Old Welsh: ellyngy
- Middle Welsh: ellwng
- Old Welsh: ellyngy
- Proto-Brythonic: *ėllüngɨd
- *uɸo-lungeti
- *uɸo-exs-lungeti
- Proto-Brythonic: *gwöllüngɨd
- Welsh: gollwng
- Proto-Brythonic: *gwöllüngɨd
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