ꜥrq

Egyptian
FWOTD – 14 July 2022

Etymology 1

Sometimes proposed to be from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔar-ḳ- (“to see, to understand”). Compare Proto-Cushitic *ʔark’- (“to see, to understand”).

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈʕaːlaqʼ/ → /ˈʕaːlaqʼ/ → /ˈʕaːləqʼ/ → /ˈʕoːləqʼ/

Verb
a
r		 qarq
Y1

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to bend
  2. (transitive) to tie on
  3. (transitive) to complete, to stop
  4. (transitive) to understand
    • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 2.3–2.4:
      r
      a      		 inTAt
      A1      		 nistA2nAiif
      n      		 X
      r      		 dwA17AA1
      Z2
      mxt
      x t      		 D54a
      r      		 qarqA2fz
      x      		 rY1r
      T      		 A1 B1
      Z2      		 bM17t
      W10      		 bHA2sn
      Z2      		 miiit
      D54      		 HrZ1r
      f
      rdj.jn ṯꜣt(j) njs.t(w) nꜣy.f n(j) ẖrdw m ḫt ꜥrq.f sḫr r(m)ṯw bj(ꜣ)t.sn m jjt ḥr.f
      So the vizier let his children be summoned after he understood the conduct of people, their character being what had come upon him.
Inflection
Conjugation of ꜥrq (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥrq, geminated stem: ꜥrqq
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ꜥrq
 ꜥrqw, ꜥrq
 ꜥrqt
 ꜥrq
 ꜥrq
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ꜥrq
 ḥr ꜥrq
 m ꜥrq
 r ꜥrq
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ꜥrq.n
 ꜥrqw, ꜥrq
 consecutive ꜥrq.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ꜥrqt
perfective3 ꜥrq
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ꜥrq.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ꜥrq
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ꜥrq
 ꜥrqq
 potentialis1 ꜥrq.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ꜥrq
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ꜥrq.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ꜥrq
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ꜥrq
 ꜥrq, ꜥrqw5, ꜥrqy5
imperfective ꜥrq, ꜥrqy, ꜥrqw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ꜥrq, ꜥrqj6, ꜥrqy6
 ꜥrq, ꜥrqw5
prospective ꜥrq, ꜥrqtj7
 — ꜥrqtj4, ꜥrqt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Demotic: ꜥlq
    • Coptic: ⲱⲗⲕ (ōlk)

Etymology 2

From a form of the verb above.

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ʕaˈlaqʼ/ → /ʕaˈlaqʼ/ → /ʕaˈlaqʼ/ → /ʕaˈlaqʼ/

Noun
a
r
q		 arq
D54

 m

  1. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    1. leg joint
Inflection
Declension of ꜥrq (masculine)
singular ꜥrq
dual ꜥrqwj
plural ꜥrqw
Descendants
  • Demotic: ꜣlg
    • Bohairic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲟϫ (aloč), ⲁⲗⲟⲕ (alok)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ⲁⲗⲟϭ (aloc), ⲁⲗⲟⲕ (alok)

References
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