養生

See also: 养生

Chinese

		give birth; keep (pets); to support give birth; keep (pets); to support; to bring sb. up; to raise (pig, etc.)	to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw
trad. (養生)		養	生
simp. (养生)		养	生
anagram		生養／生养

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǎngshēng

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˇ ㄕㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng⁵ sang¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ióng-sng / ióng-seng / iáng-seng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǎngshēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˇ ㄕㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǎngsheng
  - Wade–Giles: yang³-shêng¹
  - Yale: yǎng-shēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeangsheng
  - Palladius: яншэн (janšɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: joeng⁵ sang¹
  - Yale: yéuhng sāng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: joeng⁵ sang¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yêng⁵ seng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːŋ¹³ sɐŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng-sng
  - Tâi-lô: ióng-sng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iofngsngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng-seng
  - Tâi-lô: ióng-sing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iofngsefng
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iáng-seng
  - Tâi-lô: iáng-sing
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iafngsefng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei, Zhangzhou): /iaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: yangX sraeng|sraengH

Rime
Character	養	生	生
Reading #	1/2	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	生 (21)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	庚 (109)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II	II
Fanqie	餘兩切	所庚切	所敬切
Baxter	yangX	sraeng	sraengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨɐŋ^X/	/ʃˠæŋ/	/ʃˠæŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɐŋ^X/	/ʃᵚaŋ/	/ʃᵚaŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/iɑŋ^X/	/ʃaŋ/	/ʃaŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨaŋ^X/	/ʂaɨjŋ/	/ʂaɨjŋ^H/
Li Rong	/iaŋ^X/	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋ^H/
Wang Li	/jĭaŋ^X/	/ʃɐŋ/	/ʃɐŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯aŋ^X/	/ʂɐŋ/	/ʂɐŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǎng	shēng	shèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joeng⁵	sang¹	sang³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]aŋʔ sreŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*laŋʔ sʰleːŋ|sreŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	養	生
Reading #	2/2	1/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǎng	shēng
Middle Chinese	‹ yang^X ›	‹ sræng ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]aŋʔ/	/sreŋ/ (MC srj- > sr-; or s.reŋ ?)
English	nourish, raise	bear, be born; live
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	養	生	生
Reading #	1/2	1/2	2/2
No.	14613	11312	11322
Phonetic component	養	生	生
Rime group	陽	耕	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	養	生	生
Old Chinese	/*laŋʔ/	/*sʰleːŋ/	/*sreŋs/
Notes	說文羊聲

Verb

養生

to care for life; to conserve one's vital powers; to preserve one's health; to keep in good health
養生之道／养生之道 ― yǎngshēng zhī dào ― good health regimen
- 文惠君曰：「善哉！吾聞庖丁之言，得養生焉。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  文惠君曰：「善哉！吾闻庖丁之言，得养生焉。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE
  Wénhuì jūn yuē: “Shàn zāi! Wú wén páo Dīng zhī yán, dé yǎngshēng yān.” [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
to raise domestic animals
(literal, archaic) to care for the living (especially one's parents)
- 養生喪死無憾，王道之始也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  养生丧死无憾，王道之始也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Mencius, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Yǎng shēng sāng sǐ wú hàn, wángdào zhī shǐ yě. [Pinyin]
  This condition, in which the people nourish their living and bury their dead without any feeling against any, is the first step of royal government.

Synonyms

(to care for life): (literary) 攝生／摄生 (shèshēng)
(to raise domestic animals): 畜養／畜养 (xùyǎng)

Derived terms

養生堂／养生堂
養生家／养生家
養生法／养生法
養生術／养生术 (yǎngshēngshù)
養生送死／养生送死

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (養生):

→ Japanese: 養生(ようじょう) (yōjō)
→ Korean: 양생(養生) (yangsaeng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
養	生
よう Grade: 4	じょう Grade: 1
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) よーじょー [yòójóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
(Tokyo) よーじょー [yóꜜòjòò] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [jo̞ːʑo̞ː]

Noun

養(よう)生(じょう) • (yōjō) ^{←やうじやう (yauzyau)^?}

keeping in good health
(construction) protection
養生(ようじょう)シート
yōjō shīto
protective sheet

Derived terms

医者(いしゃ)の不養生(ふようじょう) (isha no fuyōjō)

Verb

養(よう)生(じょう)する • (yōjō suru) ^{←やうじやう (yauzyau)^?}suru (stem 養(よう)生(じょう)し (yōjō shi), past 養(よう)生(じょう)した (yōjō shita))

to keep in good health
(construction) to protect from damage

Conjugation

Conjugation of "養生する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	養生し	ようじょうし	yōjō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	養生し	ようじょうし	yōjō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	養生する	ようじょうする	yōjō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	養生する	ようじょうする	yōjō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	養生すれ	ようじょうすれ	yōjō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	養生せよ¹ 養生しろ²	ようじょうせよ¹ ようじょうしろ²	yōjō seyo¹ yōjō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	養生される	ようじょうされる	yōjō sareru
Causative	養生させる養生さす	ようじょうさせるようじょうさす	yōjō saseru yōjō sasu
Potential	養生できる	ようじょうできる	yōjō dekiru
Volitional	養生しよう	ようじょうしよう	yōjō shiyō
Negative	養生しない	ようじょうしない	yōjō shinai
Negative continuative	養生せず	ようじょうせず	yōjō sezu
Formal	養生します	ようじょうします	yōjō shimasu
Perfective	養生した	ようじょうした	yōjō shita
Conjunctive	養生して	ようじょうして	yōjō shite
Hypothetical conditional	養生すれば	ようじょうすれば	yōjō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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