閻魔

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (閻魔)		閻	魔
simp. (阎魔)		阎	魔

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit यम (yama, “Yama”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Yánmó

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jim⁴ mo¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Yánmó
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Yánmó
  - Wade–Giles: Yen²-mo²
  - Yale: Yán-mwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yanmo
  - Palladius: Яньмо (Janʹmo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jim⁴ mo¹
  - Yale: yìhm mō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jim⁴ mo¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yim⁴ mo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːm²¹ mɔː⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: yem ma

Rime
Character	閻	魔
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	余廉切	莫婆切
Baxter	yem	ma
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jiᴇm/	/muɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɛm/	/muɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/jæm/	/muɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jiam/	/mwa/
Li Rong	/iɛm/	/muɑ/
Wang Li	/jĭɛm/	/muɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯ɛm/	/muɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán	mó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jim⁴	mo⁴

Proper noun

閻魔

(～王) (Hinduism, Buddhism, Chinese mythology) Synonym of 閻羅／阎罗 (Yánluó, “Yama (god of the underworld)”)

Derived terms

閻魔天子／阎魔天子
閻魔王／阎魔王

Japanese

Kanji in this term
閻	魔
えん Hyōgaiji	ま Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 閻魔 (MC yem ma), from Sanskrit यम (yáma), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Yámas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Yámas. Doublet of 夜摩 (Yama).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) えんま [éꜜǹmà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [ẽ̞mːa̠]

Proper noun

閻(えん)魔(ま) or 閻魔(エンマ) • (Enma)

(Shinto): Enma, the Japanese name for Yama, the Buddhist and Chinese god who presides over naraku (hell).

Derived terms

閻魔王(えんまおう) (Enma Ō): King Enma
閻魔大王(えんまだいおう) (Enma Daiō): Great King Enma

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Further reading

閻魔 on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja
Enma on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

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