酷い

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
酷
ひど
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 酷い – see the following entry.
【ひどい】
[adjective] cruel
[adjective] severe, terrible
[adjective] very bad, terrible
Alternative spelling
非道い
(This term, 酷い, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
酷
むご
Grade: S
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
惨い

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Adjective

酷(むご)い • (mugoi) -i (adverbial 酷(むご)く (mugoku))

  1. horrible
  2. cruel
    あれは実(じつ)に酷(むご)い事件(じけん)だった。
    Are wa jitsu ni mugoi jiken datta.
    That was a really cruel incident.
Inflection
Inflection of 酷い
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 酷かろ むごかろ mugokaro
Continuative (連用形) 酷く むごく mugoku
Terminal (終止形) 酷い むごい mugoi
Attributive (連体形) 酷い むごい mugoi
Hypothetical (仮定形) 酷けれ むごけれ mugokere
Imperative (命令形) 酷かれ むごかれ mugokare
Key constructions
Informal negative 酷くない むごくない mugoku nai
Informal past 酷かった むごかった mugokatta
Informal negative past 酷くなかった むごくなかった mugoku nakatta
Formal 酷いです むごいです mugoi desu
Formal negative 酷くないです むごくないです mugoku nai desu
Formal past 酷かったです むごかったです mugokatta desu
Formal negative past 酷くなかったです むごくなかったです mugoku nakatta desu
Conjunctive 酷くて むごくて mugokute
Conditional 酷ければ むごければ mugokereba
Provisional 酷かったら むごかったら mugokattara
Volitional 酷かろう むごかろう mugokarō
Adverbial 酷く むごく mugoku
Degree 酷さ むごさ mugosa

See also

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
  3. Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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