進歩

See also: 進步 and 进步

Japanese
Kanji in this term
進 歩
しん
Grade: 3		 ほ > ぽ
Grade: 2
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
進步 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

Noun

進(しん)歩(ぽ) • (shinpo) 

  1. progress; improvements in social welfare.
    コンピューターは急速(きゅうそく)な進歩(しんぽ)を遂(と)げた。
    Konpyūtā wa kyūsoku na shinpo o togeta.
    Computers have made rapid progress.
  2. personal progress, usually in the development of a skill.
    その生徒(せいと)の進歩(しんぽ)は申(もう)し分(ぶ)ない。
    Sono seito no shinpo wa mōshibunai.
    The student’s progress is satisfactory.

Verb

進(しん)歩(ぽ)する • (shinpo suru) suru (stem 進(しん)歩(ぽ)し (shinpo shi), past 進(しん)歩(ぽ)した (shinpo shita))

  1. To improve (in reference to a society's technological capability or general quality of life).
    医学(いがく)はめざましく進歩(しんぽ)している。
    Igaku wa mezamashiku shinpo shite iru.
    Progress in medicine is going ahead by leaps and bounds.
  2. To advance in proficiency; to make progress in the development of a skill.
    トムの日本語(にほんご)は少(すこ)しずつ進歩(しんぽ)している。
    Tomu no nihongo wa sukoshi-zutsu shinpo shite iru.
    Tom’s Japanese is improving little by little.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "進歩する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 進歩し しんぽし shinpo shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 進歩し しんぽし shinpo shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 進歩する しんぽする shinpo suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 進歩する しんぽする shinpo suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 進歩すれ しんぽすれ shinpo sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 進歩せよ¹
進歩しろ²		 しんぽせよ¹
しんぽしろ²		 shinpo seyo¹
shinpo shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 進歩される しんぽされる shinpo sareru
Causative 進歩させる
進歩さす		 しんぽさせる
しんぽさす		 shinpo saseru
shinpo sasu
Potential 進歩できる しんぽできる shinpo dekiru
Volitional 進歩しよう しんぽしよう shinpo shiyō
Negative 進歩しない しんぽしない shinpo shinai
Negative continuative 進歩せず しんぽせず shinpo sezu
Formal 進歩します しんぽします shinpo shimasu
Perfective 進歩した しんぽした shinpo shita
Conjunctive 進歩して しんぽして shinpo shite
Hypothetical conditional 進歩すれば しんぽすれば shinpo sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Usage notes

進歩(しんぽ) (shinpo) is quite common as a verb (進歩(しんぽ)する (shinpo suru)), and it is most easily understood in relation to the English word progress. It is frequently used in reference to social progress, particularly of a technological nature, and to personal progress in a skill. It is not generally used to refer to progress in other sorts of endeavors, such as a trip up a mountain (e.g., "Due to the blizzard, their progress was slow."), or of time in general (e.g., "As the evening progressed, the party became more chaotic.").

References
  1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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