通用

Chinese

		go through; know well; to connect go through; know well; to connect; to communicate; open	to use
trad. (通用)		通	用
simp. ^#(通用)		通	用

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tōngyòng

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥㄩㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tung¹ jung⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thûng-yung
Eastern Min (BUC): tŭng-ê̤ṳng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thong-iōng

(Teochew, Peng'im): tong¹ êng⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tōngyòng
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥㄩㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tongyòng
  - Wade–Giles: tʻung¹-yung⁴
  - Yale: tūng-yùng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tongyonq
  - Palladius: тунъюн (tunʺjun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tung¹ jung⁶
  - Yale: tūng yuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tung¹ jung⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: tung¹ yung⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ jʊŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thûng-yung
  - Hakka Romanization System: tung´ iung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tung¹ yung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ i̯uŋ⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thûng-yung
  - Hakka Romanization System: tung´ (r)iung
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tung¹ yung⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tʰuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ (j)i̯uŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tŭng-ê̤ṳng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(Ø-)ŋøyŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thong-iōng
  - Tâi-lô: thong-iōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tong'iong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔŋ³³ iɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² iɔŋ²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ iɔŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tong¹ êng⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thong ēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰoŋ³³⁻²³ eŋ¹¹/

Middle Chinese: thuwng yowngH

Rime
Character	通	用
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	他紅切	余頌切
Baxter	thuwng	yowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuŋ/	/jɨoŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuŋ/	/jioŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰuŋ/	/ioŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰəwŋ/	/juawŋ^H/
Li Rong	/tʰuŋ/	/ioŋ^H/
Wang Li	/tʰuŋ/	/jĭwoŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuŋ/	/i̯woŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tōng	yòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tung¹	jung⁶

Verb

通用

to be in common use

Adjective

通用

(attributive) interchangeable
(attributive, computing) interoperable

Derived terms

通用字
通用字表
通用拼音 (tōngyòng pīnyīn)
通用語／通用语 (tōngyòngyǔ)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
通	用
つう Grade: 2	よう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) つうよー [tsùúyóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝːjo̞ː]

Noun

通(つう)用(よう) • (tsūyō)

common use

Verb

通(つう)用(よう)する • (tsūyō suru) intransitive suru (stem 通(つう)用(よう)し (tsūyō shi), past 通(つう)用(よう)した (tsūyō shita))

be in common use, be current

Conjugation

Conjugation of "通用する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	通用し	つうようし	tsūyō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	通用し	つうようし	tsūyō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	通用する	つうようする	tsūyō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	通用する	つうようする	tsūyō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	通用すれ	つうようすれ	tsūyō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	通用せよ¹ 通用しろ²	つうようせよ¹ つうようしろ²	tsūyō seyo¹ tsūyō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	通用される	つうようされる	tsūyō sareru
Causative	通用させる通用さす	つうようさせるつうようさす	tsūyō saseru tsūyō sasu
Potential	通用できる	つうようできる	tsūyō dekiru
Volitional	通用しよう	つうようしよう	tsūyō shiyō
Negative	通用しない	つうようしない	tsūyō shinai
Negative continuative	通用せず	つうようせず	tsūyō sezu
Formal	通用します	つうようします	tsūyō shimasu
Perfective	通用した	つうようした	tsūyō shita
Conjunctive	通用して	つうようして	tsūyō shite
Hypothetical conditional	通用すれば	つうようすれば	tsūyō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
通	用

Noun

通用 • (tong'yong) (hangeul 통용)

Hanja form^? of 통용.

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
通	用

Adjective

通用

chữ Hán form of thông dụng (“common, commonly used”).

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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN