貿

See also: 贸

貿	U+8CBF, 貿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CBF

← 貾
[U+8CBE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

賀 →
[U+8CC0]

Translingual

Han character

貿 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹月山金 (HHBUC), four-corner 7780₆, composition ⿱⿰𠂎刀貝)

Derived characters

橮, 𰹦, 𲅸, 鄮

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1207, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36721
Dae Jaweon: page 1670, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3634, character 10
Unihan data for U+8CBF

Chinese

trad.		貿
simp.		贸
2nd round simp.		⿱𭕄贝
alternative forms		佨 (pa̍uh) Hokkien

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (卯) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
卯	*mruːʔ
昴	*mruːʔ
泖	*mruːʔ
茆	mruːʔ, m·ruʔ
奅	*m̥ʰruːs
窌	m̥ʰruːs, m·ruː, *m·rus
聊	*m·rɯːw
貿	*mlus
鄮	*mlus
劉	*m·ru
留	m·ru, m·rus
蒥	*m·ru
鶹	*m·ru
騮	*m·ru
榴	*m·ru
瑠	*ru
瘤	m·ru, m·rus
遛	*m·ru
鎦	*m·ru
飀	*m·ru
鰡	*m·ru
嵧	*m·ru
餾	m·ru, m·rus
瀏	m·ru, m·ruʔ
懰	m·ru, m·ruʔ
柳	*m·ruʔ
珋	*m·ruʔ
罶	*m·ruʔ
嬼	m·ruʔ, m·rus
溜	*m·rus
霤	*m·rus
廇	*m·rus
塯	*m·rus

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mlus) : phonetic 卯 (OC *mruːʔ) + semantic 貝 (“cowry”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mào (mao⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mau⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): meu / méu
Eastern Min (BUC): mâiu
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bō͘ / mō͘ / biō / bāu / ba̍uh / pa̍uh

(Teochew, Peng'im): mou³ / mong³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶meu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mào
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mào
  - Wade–Giles: mao⁴
  - Yale: màu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maw
  - Palladius: мао (mao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mau⁶
  - Yale: mauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: meo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐu̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: meu / méu
  - Hakka Romanization System: meu / meu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: meu⁴ / meu³
  - Sinological IPA: /meu̯⁵⁵/, /meu̯³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mâiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑu²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō͘
  - Tâi-lô: bōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bo
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bɔ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mō͘
  - Tâi-lô: mōo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: mo
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: biō
  - Tâi-lô: biō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bioi
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bio⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bāu
  - Tâi-lô: bāu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bau
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /bau²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /bau³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ba̍uh
  - Tâi-lô: ba̍uh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bauh
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bauʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bauʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pa̍uh
  - Tâi-lô: pa̍uh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pauh
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pauʔ²⁴/

Note:

bō͘/mō͘/biō - literary;
bāu/ba̍uh/pa̍uh - vernacular (“to undertake”).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mou³ / mong³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mòu / mòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou²¹³/, /moŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶meu
  - MiniDict: meu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³meu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mɤ²³/

Middle Chinese: muwH

Rime
Character	貿
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫候切
Baxter	muwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/məu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/məu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/məu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məw^H/
Li Rong	/mu^H/
Wang Li	/məu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/mə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mau⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mru-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*mlus/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	貿
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mào
Middle Chinese	‹ muw^H ›
Old Chinese	/*mru-s/
English	barter (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	貿
Reading #	1/1
No.	8879
Phonetic component	卯
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	茂
Old Chinese	/*mlus/

Definitions

貿

commerce; trade; barter
mixed
rashly
(Hokkien) to undertake (a job, project, etc.)

Compounds

三角貿易／三角贸易
世貿中心／世贸中心
保護貿易／保护贸易
出口貿易／出口贸易
國營貿易／国营贸易
國貿／国贸 (guómào)
國貿局／国贸局
國際貿易／国际贸易 (guójì màoyì)
外貿／外贸 (wàimào)
外貿協會／外贸协会
多邊貿易／多边贸易
對外貿易／对外贸易 (duìwài màoyì)
對等貿易／对等贸易
抱布貿絲／抱布贸丝
沿岸貿易／沿岸贸易
無形貿易／无形贸易
直接貿易／直接贸易 (zhíjiē màoyì)
經貿／经贸 (jīngmào)
貿人／贸人 (Hokkien)
貿名／贸名
貿尾／贸尾 (Hokkien)
貿工／贸工 (Hokkien)
貿工課／贸工课 (Hokkien)
貿易／贸易 (màoyì)
貿易保護／贸易保护
貿易區／贸易区 (màoyìqū)
貿易協定／贸易协定
貿易商／贸易商
貿易差額／贸易差额
貿易收支／贸易收支
貿易網路／贸易网路
貿易赤字／贸易赤字 (màoyì chìzì)
貿易逆差／贸易逆差
貿易順差／贸易顺差 (màoyì shùnchā)
貿易額／贸易额
貿易風／贸易风 (màoyìfēng)
貿然／贸然 (màorán)
貿穡／贸穑 (Hokkien)
貿穡路／贸穑路 (Hokkien)
貿花／贸花 (Hokkien)
貿貨底／贸货底 (Hokkien)
貿貿／贸贸
貿頭／贸头 (Hokkien)
貿首／贸首
轉口貿易／转口贸易
進口貿易／进口贸易
遷貿／迁贸
間接貿易／间接贸易 (jiànjiē màoyì)
雙邊貿易／双边贸易

References

“Entry #9069”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

貿

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: む (mu); も (mo)
Kan-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
Kun: あきなう (akinau, 貿う)^{←あきなふ (akinafu, 貿ふ, historical)}; かえる (kaeru, 貿える)

Compounds

貿(ぼう)易(えき)摩(ま)擦(さつ) (bōeki masatsu)

Korean

Hanja

貿 (eumhun 무역 할 무 (muyeokhal mu))

Hanja form^? of 무 (“trade, barter”).
Hanja form^? of 무 (“mixed”).
Hanja form^? of 무 (“rashly”).

Vietnamese

Han character

貿: Hán Nôm readings: mậu

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