見える

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
見
み
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From classical 見(み)ゆ (miyu), from 見(み)る (miru, “to see”) + ゆ (-yu, potential/passive suffix).[1][2][3]

First attested in the Kojiki of 712.[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) みえ​る [mìéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[3]
  • IPA(key): [mʲie̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "見える"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 見える みえ​る [mìéꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) 見えろ みえ​ろ [mìéꜜrò]
Key constructions
Passive 見えられる みえられ​る [mìéráréꜜrù]
Causative 見えさせる みえさせ​る [mìésáséꜜrù]
Potential - - -
Volitional 見えよう みえよ​ー [mìéyóꜜò]
Negative 見えない みえ​ない [mìéꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 見えなかった みえ​なかった [mìéꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 見えます みえま​す [mìémáꜜsù]
Perfective 見えた み​えた [míꜜètà]
Conjunctive 見えて み​えて [míꜜètè]
Hypothetical conditional 見えれば みえ​れば [mìéꜜrèbà]

Verb

見(み)える • (mieru) intransitive ichidan (stem 見(み)え (mie), past 見(み)えた (mieta))

Japanese verb pair
causative 見(み)せる (見(み)せる)
active 見(み)る (見(み)る)
mediopassive 見(み)える (見(み)える)
  1. (dated) to be seen; to be found
    • 1905, 成川揆, A telegram from Shinano Maru
      敵(てき)ノ第(だい)二(に)艦(かん)隊(たい)見(み)ユ
      Teki no daini kantai miyu
      Enemy's second fleet is spotted.
  2. (having seeing ability): be able to see
    兄(あに)は眼鏡無(めがねな)しでもはっきり見(み)える。
    Ani wa megane nashi de mo hakkiri mieru.
    My elder brother is able to see something distinctly without glasses.
    1. (within sight): be visible
      水(みず)は無色(むしょく)だが見(み)える。
      Mizu wa mushoku da ga mieru.
      Water is colorless but visible.
  3. (easily predictable): be apparent
    この時点(じてん)で結果(けっか)が見(み)える。
    Kono jiten de kekka ga mieru.
    The result is apparent at this circumstance.
  4. (appear likely): to seem, to look (a certain way), to appear (a certain way)
    馬鹿(ばか)に見(み)える
    baka ni mieru
    to look stupid
    彼(かれ)は及第(きゅうだい)するように見(み)える。
    Kare wa kyūdai suru yō ni mieru.
    He seems to succeed.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "見える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 見え みえ mie
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 見え みえ mie
Shūshikei ("terminal") 見える みえる mieru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 見える みえる mieru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 見えれ みえれ miere
Meireikei ("imperative") 見えよ¹
見えろ²		 みえよ¹
みえろ²		 mieyo¹
miero²
Key constructions
Passive 見えられる みえられる mierareru
Causative 見えさせる
見えさす		 みえさせる
みえさす		 miesaseru
miesasu
Potential 見えられる
見えれる³		 みえられる
みえれる³		 mierareru
miereru³
Volitional 見えよう みえよう mieyō
Negative 見えない
見えぬ
見えん		 みえない
みえぬ
みえん		 mienai
mienu
mien
Negative continuative 見えず みえず miezu
Formal 見えます みえます miemasu
Perfective 見えた みえた mieta
Conjunctive 見えて みえて miete
Hypothetical conditional 見えれば みえれば miereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Coordinate terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
見
まみ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Compound of 目 (ma, “eye”) +‎ 見ゆ (miyu, “to be seen”, modern 見える).[1][2][3][4]

First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) まみえ​る [màmíéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[3]
  • IPA(key): [ma̠mʲie̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

見(まみ)える • (mamieru) intransitive ichidan (stem 見(まみ)え (mamie), past 見(まみ)えた (mamieta))

  1. [from 720] (humble) to meet with someone, to have an audience with someone
    Synonyms: お目にかかる, 謁見する
  2. [from 1607] to make an appearance, to be present
  3. [from early 1200s] (possibly archaic) to serve someone, such as a master or husband
Conjugation
Conjugation of "見える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 見え まみえ mamie
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 見え まみえ mamie
Shūshikei ("terminal") 見える まみえる mamieru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 見える まみえる mamieru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 見えれ まみえれ mamiere
Meireikei ("imperative") 見えよ¹
見えろ²		 まみえよ¹
まみえろ²		 mamieyo¹
mamiero²
Key constructions
Passive 見えられる まみえられる mamierareru
Causative 見えさせる
見えさす		 まみえさせる
まみえさす		 mamiesaseru
mamiesasu
Potential 見えられる
見えれる³		 まみえられる
まみえれる³		 mamierareru
mamiereru³
Volitional 見えよう まみえよう mamieyō
Negative 見えない
見えぬ
見えん		 まみえない
まみえぬ
まみえん		 mamienai
mamienu
mamien
Negative continuative 見えず まみえず mamiezu
Formal 見えます まみえます mamiemasu
Perfective 見えた まみえた mamieta
Conjunctive 見えて まみえて mamiete
Hypothetical conditional 見えれば まみえれば mamiereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

References
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
  1. “見える”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
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