蓮花

See also: 莲花

Chinese

	lotus	flower; blossom; to spend flower; blossom; to spend; fancy pattern
trad. (蓮花)	蓮	花
simp. (莲花)	莲	花
anagram	花蓮／花莲

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liánhuā

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lin⁴ faa¹
Gan (Wiktionary): 'lien⁴ fa¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lièn-fâ
Jin (Wiktionary): lie¹ hua¹
Northern Min (KCR): lâing-huá
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): liân-hoe / nûi-hoe / liân-hoa

(Teochew, Peng'im): noin⁵ huê¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liánhuā
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liánhua
  - Wade–Giles: lien²-hua¹
  - Yale: lyán-hwā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lianhua
  - Palladius: ляньхуа (ljanʹxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liánhuār
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ ㄏㄨㄚㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liánhuar
  - Wade–Giles: lien²-hua¹-ʼrh
  - Yale: lyán-hwār
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lianhual
  - Palladius: ляньхуар (ljanʹxuar)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn³⁵ xu̯ɑɻ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lin⁴ faa¹
  - Yale: lìhn fā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lin⁴ faa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: lin⁴ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːn²¹ faː⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'lien⁴ fa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈliɛn³⁵ fa⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lièn-fâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: lienˇ fa´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lian² fa¹
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯en¹¹ fa²⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: lie¹ hua¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /lie¹¹ xua¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lâing-huá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laiŋ³³ xua⁵⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân-hoe
  - Tâi-lô: liân-hue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lienhoef
  - IPA (Singapore): /liɛn²⁴⁻²¹ hue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn²³⁻³³ hue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /liɛn²⁴⁻²² hue⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ hue⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nûi-hoe
  - Tâi-lô: nuî-hue
  - Phofsit Daibuun: nui'hoef
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /nuĩ²⁴⁻²² hue³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân-hoa
  - Tâi-lô: liân-hua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lienhoaf
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛn¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: noin⁵ huê¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nôiⁿ hue
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nõĩ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue³³/

Middle Chinese: len xwae

Rime
Character	蓮	花
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	IV	II
Fanqie	落賢切	呼瓜切
Baxter	len	xwae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/len/	/hˠua/
Pan Wuyun	/len/	/hʷᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛn/	/xua/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛn/	/hwaɨ/
Li Rong	/len/	/xua/
Wang Li	/lien/	/xwa/
Bernard Karlgren	/lien/	/xwa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián	huā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lin⁴	faa¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k.[r]ˤe[n] qʷʰˤra/

(Zhengzhang): /*reːn hʷraː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蓮	花
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lián	huā
Middle Chinese	‹ len ›	‹ xwæ ›
Old Chinese	/k.[r]ˁe[n]/ (cf. 蕑 jiān < kean < kˁre[n] (dial. *k.rˁ- > kˁr-) ‘lotus fruit (Ode 145.2)’)	/*qʷʰˁra/
English	lotus fruit	flower (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蓮	花
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	8004	5326
Phonetic component	連	化
Rime group	元	魚
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	蓮	華
Old Chinese	/*reːn/	/*hʷraː/
Notes		俗與華通用

Noun

蓮花

lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)
water lily (Nymphaea)

Synonyms

水芝 (shuǐzhī) (literary)
水芙蓉 (shuǐfúróng)
芙蓉 (fúróng)
芙蕖 (fúqú) (literary)
荷花 (héhuā)
菡萏 (hàndàn) (literary)
蓮／莲
藕花 (ǒuhuā)

Dialectal synonyms of 荷花 (“lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		荷, 蓮, 芙蕖, 芙蓉, 菡萏
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		荷花, 蓮花
Mandarin	Beijing	荷花兒, 蓮花兒
	Tianjin	荷花
	Chengde	荷花兒
	Tangshan	荷花
	Cangzhou	荷花兒
	Baoding	荷花, 蓮花兒
	Shijiazhuang	荷花
	Chifeng	荷花
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	荷花兒
	Heihe	荷花, 蓮花
	Qiqihar	荷花, 蓮花
	Harbin	荷花兒, 荷花, 蓮花兒, 蓮花
	Jiamusi	荷花, 蓮花
	Baicheng	荷花
	Changchun	荷花兒
	Tonghua	荷花
	Shenyang	荷花, 蓮花
	Dandong	荷花兒, 蓮花兒
	Jinzhou	荷花, 蓮花
	Dalian	荷花兒
	Yantai	荷花
	Yantai (Muping)	荷花
	Qingdao	荷花
	Lijin	荷花
	Zhucheng	荷花
	Jinan	荷花, 蓮花
	Jining	荷花, 蓮花
	Luoyang	荷花兒, 蓮花兒
	Wanrong	蓮花
	Shangqiu	蓮花
	Yuanyang	荷花兒, 蓮花兒
	Zhengzhou	蓮花兒
	Lingbao	蓮花
	Xinyang	蓮花
	Baihe	荷花, 蓮花
	Hanzhong	荷花, 蓮花, 藕蓮花
	Xi'an	蓮花, 荷花
	Baoji	荷花, 蓮花
	Yinchuan	荷花, 蓮花
	Tianshui	蓮花
	Lanzhou	荷花, 蓮花
	Dunhuang	荷花, 蓮花
	Xining	荷花, 蓮花
	Hami	荷花
	Ürümqi	荷花
	Wuhan	荷花, 蓮花
	Yichang	荷花, 蓮花
	Xiangyang	荷花, 蓮花
	Tianmen	荷花, 蓮花
	Hong'an	荷花, 蓮花
	Chengdu	荷花, 蓮花, 水芙蓉
	Nanchong	荷花
	Dazhou	荷花
	Hanyuan	荷花
	Xichang	荷花, 蓮花
	Zigong	荷花
	Chongqing	荷花, 蓮花
	Guiyang	荷花
	Zunyi	荷花
	Bijie	荷花, 蓮花
	Liping	蓮米花
	Zhaotong	荷花, 蓮花, 藕花
	Dali	荷花
	Kunming	荷花, 蓮花
Mengzi	荷花
Guilin	蓮花
Liuzhou	荷花, 蓮花
Jishou	荷花
Changde	荷花
Anqing	荷花
Xuzhou	荷花, 蓮花
Fuyang	荷花
Wuhu	荷花
Yangzhou	荷花
Lianyungang	荷花
Lianshui	藕花
Nanjing	荷花, 蓮花
Hefei	荷花
Nantong	荷花
Singapore	荷花, 蓮花
Cantonese	Guangzhou	蓮花, 荷花
	Hong Kong	荷花, 蓮花
	Yangjiang	蓮花
	Singapore (Guangfu)	蓮花, 荷花
Gan	Nanchang	荷花, 蓮花
	Lichuan	荷花, 蓮花
	Pingxiang	荷花
Hakka	Meixian	蓮花, 荷花
	Yudu	荷花
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	荷花, 蓮花
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	荷花, 蓮花
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	荷花, 蓮花
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	荷花, 蓮花
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	荷花, 蓮花
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	荷花, 蓮花
Huizhou	Jixi	荷花
Huizhou	Shexian	荷花
Jin	Taiyuan	蓮花, 荷花
	Yangyuan	蓮花
	Datong	蓮花兒
	Xinzhou	蓮花兒
	Lishi	荷花
	Linfen	蓮花
	Changzhi	荷花
	Linhe	荷花
	Jining	蓮花兒
	Hohhot	荷花, 蓮花
	Erenhot	荷花兒
	Pingshan	蓮花兒
	Zhangjiakou	荷花, 蓮花
	Handan	荷花, 蓮花, 藕花
	Linzhou	蓮花兒
	Suide	荷花兒, 荷花
Northern Min	Jian'ou	蓮花, 荷花
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	蓮花, 荷花
Southern Min	Xiamen	蓮花
	Quanzhou	蓮花
	Zhangzhou	蓮花
	Singapore (Hokkien)	蓮花
	Manila (Hokkien)	蓮花
	Chaozhou	蓮花
	Jieyang	蓮花
	Haikou	蓮花
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	荷花
Wu	Shanghai	荷花
	Shanghai (Chongming)	荷花
	Suzhou	荷花, 蓮花
	Danyang	荷花
	Hangzhou	荷花
	Ningbo	荷花
	Wenzhou	蓮花, 荷花, 蓮子荷花
	Jinhua	荷花
Xiang	Changsha	荷花, 蓮花
	Loudi	荷花, 蓮花
	Shuangfeng	蓮花, 荷花

Derived terms

朵朵蓮花／朵朵莲花
步步生蓮花／步步生莲花
步步蓮花／步步莲花 (bùbùliánhuā)
舌粲蓮花／舌粲莲花
葡萄葉銀蓮花／葡萄叶银莲花
蓮花樂／莲花乐
蓮花步步生／莲花步步生
蓮花漏／莲花漏
蓮花生／莲花生
蓮花箬／莲花箬
蓮花腳／莲花脚 (liánhuājiǎo)
蓮花落／莲花落 (liánhuālào)
蓮花頭／莲花头
金蓮花／金莲花 (jīnliánhuā)
鐵蓮花／铁莲花 (tiěliánhuā)

Proper noun

蓮花

(～縣) Lianhua (a county of Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China)
(～村) Lianhua (a village in Wenquan, Yingshan, Huanggang, Hubei, China)

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