膿む

Japanese
Kanji in this term
膿
う
Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Etymology

Uncertain. Theories include, in order of apparent likelihood:

  • From 熟む (umu, “to ripen”)[1]
  • From 熟汁 (umi jiru, “ripened sap”)
  • From 薄 (usu, “thin, weak”) + 見 (mi, “looking, seeming”)[1]
  • Shortening of 蒸身 (umushi mi, “moldering body”) or of 潤肉 (urumi shishi, “moist flesh”)

First attested in verb form in a text from 828.[2] Compare noun form 膿 (umi, “pus”), attested from the Nihon Shoki of 720.[2]

Pronunciation

Verb

膿(う)む • (umu) intransitive godan (stem 膿(う)み (umi), past 膿(う)んだ (unda))

  1. [from 828] to fester, to suppurate, to pustulate
    Synonym: 化膿する (kanō suru)
    傷(きず)口(ぐち)が膿(う)んだ。
    Kizuguchi ga unda.
    The cut festered / became infected.
    腫(はれ)物(もの)を膿(う)ませてしまった。
    Haremono o umasete shimatta.
    You’ve let the abscess fester.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "膿む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 膿ま うま uma
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 膿み うみ umi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 膿む うむ umu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 膿む うむ umu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 膿め うめ ume
Meireikei ("imperative") 膿め うめ ume
Key constructions
Passive 膿まれる うまれる umareru
Causative 膿ませる
膿ます		 うませる
うます		 umaseru
umasu
Potential 膿める うめる umeru
Volitional 膿もう うもう umō
Negative 膿まない うまない umanai
Negative continuative 膿まず うまず umazu
Formal 膿みます うみます umimasu
Perfective 膿んだ うんだ unda
Conjunctive 膿んで うんで unde
Hypothetical conditional 膿めば うめば umeba
Classical conjugation of "膿む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 膿まうまuma
Continuative (連用形) 膿みうみumi
Terminal (終止形) 膿むうむumu
Attributive (連体形) 膿むうむumu
Realis (已然形) 膿めうめume
Imperative (命令形) 膿めうめume
Key constructions
Negative 膿まずうまずumazu
Contrasting conjunction 膿めどうめどumedo
Causal conjunction 膿めばうめばumeba
Conditional conjunction 膿まばうまばumaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 膿みきうみきumiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 膿みけりうみけりumikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 膿みつうみつumitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 膿みぬうみぬuminu
Perfect-continuative tense 膿めり
膿みたり		うめり
うみたり		umeri
umitari
Volitional 膿まむうまむumamu

References
  1. Entry in the 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) available online 膿む here
  2. “膿”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  3. Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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