禁止

Chinese

		to prohibit; to forbid; endure	to stop; prohibit; till
trad. (禁止)		禁	止
simp. ^#(禁止)		禁	止

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìnzhǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄓˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gam³ zi²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kim-chṳ́
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kìm-chí

(Teochew, Peng'im): gim³ zi²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìnzhǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄓˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìnjhǐh
  - Wade–Giles: chin⁴-chih³
  - Yale: jìn-jř
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinnjyy
  - Palladius: цзиньчжи (czinʹčži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    禁指
    禁止
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gam³ zi²
  - Yale: gam jí
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gam³ dzi²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gem³ ji²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɐm³³ t͡siː³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    禁指
    禁止
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kim-chṳ́
  - Hakka Romanization System: gim zii`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gim⁴ zi³
  - Sinological IPA: /kim⁵⁵ t͡sɨ³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kìm-chí
  - Tâi-lô: kìm-tsí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiemcie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kim²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kim⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡si⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kim²¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kim¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡si⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gim³ zi²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kìm tsí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kim²¹³⁻⁵⁵ t͡si⁵²⁻²¹/

Verb

禁止

to prohibit; to forbid
禁止侵入 ― jìnzhǐ qīnrù ― no trespassing

禁止泊車。／禁止泊车。 ― Jìnzhǐ bóchē. ― No parking.

禁止吸煙。／禁止吸烟。 ― Jìnzhǐ xīyān. ― No smoking.

禁止攝影。／禁止摄影。 ― Jìnzhǐ shèyǐng. ― No photography.

禁止攝像。／禁止摄像。 ― Jìnzhǐ shèxiàng. ― No videoing.

禁止使用閃光燈。 [MSC, trad.]
禁止使用闪光灯。 [MSC, simp.]
Jìnzhǐ shǐyòng shǎnguāngdēng. [Pinyin]
No flash.

禁止大聲喧嘩。／禁止大声喧哗。 ― Jìnzhǐ dàshēng xuānhuá. ― Please don't make noise.

很多國家禁止捕鯨。 [MSC, trad.]
很多国家禁止捕鲸。 [MSC, simp.]
Hěn duō guójiā jìnzhǐ bǔjīng. [Pinyin]
Many countries have banned whaling.

患病期間禁止行房。 [MSC, trad.]
患病期间禁止行房。 [MSC, simp.]
Huànbìng qījiān jìnzhǐ xíngfáng. [Pinyin]
Refrain from intercourse during recovery.

Synonyms

不准 (bùzhǔn)
不許／不许 (bùxǔ)
制止 (zhìzhǐ)
勿許／勿许 (⁸veq-shiu) (Wu)
取締／取缔 (qǔdì)
唔准 (m⁴ zeon²) (Cantonese)
嚴禁／严禁 (yánjìn) (to strictly forbid)
抑止 (yìzhǐ)
救 (jiù) (Classical Chinese)
毋准 (Min Nan)
禁制 (jìnzhì)
禁絕／禁绝 (jìnjué)
遏制 (èzhì)
遏止 (èzhǐ)

Derived terms

禁止令 (jìnzhǐlìng)
禁止吸煙／禁止吸烟 (jìnzhǐ xīyān)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (禁止):

→ Japanese: 禁(きん)止(し) (kinshi)
→ Korean: 금지(禁止) (geumji)
→ Vietnamese: cấm chỉ (禁止)

References

Duffus, William (1883) “forbid”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 113

Japanese

Kanji in this term
禁	止
きん Grade: 5	し Grade: 2
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きんし [kìńshí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
IPA^(key): [kʲĩɰ̃ɕi]

Homophone: 近視

Noun

禁(きん)止(し) • (kinshi)

prohibition

Verb

禁(きん)止(し)する • (kinshi suru) transitive suru (stem 禁(きん)止(し)し (kinshi shi), past 禁(きん)止(し)した (kinshi shita))

to ban; to prohibit

Conjugation

Conjugation of "禁止する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	禁止し	きんしし	kinshi shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	禁止し	きんしし	kinshi shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	禁止する	きんしする	kinshi suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	禁止する	きんしする	kinshi suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	禁止すれ	きんしすれ	kinshi sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	禁止せよ¹ 禁止しろ²	きんしせよ¹ きんししろ²	kinshi seyo¹ kinshi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	禁止される	きんしされる	kinshi sareru
Causative	禁止させる禁止さす	きんしさせるきんしさす	kinshi saseru kinshi sasu
Potential	禁止できる	きんしできる	kinshi dekiru
Volitional	禁止しよう	きんししよう	kinshi shiyō
Negative	禁止しない	きんししない	kinshi shinai
Negative continuative	禁止せず	きんしせず	kinshi sezu
Formal	禁止します	きんしします	kinshi shimasu
Perfective	禁止した	きんしした	kinshi shita
Conjunctive	禁止して	きんしして	kinshi shite
Hypothetical conditional	禁止すれば	きんしすれば	kinshi sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
禁	止

Noun

禁止 • (geumji) (hangeul 금지)

Hanja form^? of 금지 (“prohibition”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
禁	止

Verb

禁止

chữ Hán form of cấm chỉ (“to ban; to forbid”).

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