犍陀羅

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (犍陀羅)		犍	陀	羅
simp. (犍陀罗)		犍	陀	罗

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Jiāntuóluó

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāntuóluó
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢㄊㄨㄛˊ ㄌㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Jiantuóluó
  - Wade–Giles: Chien¹-tʻo²-lo²
  - Yale: Jyān-twó-lwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jiantwoluo
  - Palladius: Цзяньтоло (Czjanʹtolo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵⁻⁵⁵ lu̯ɔ³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kɨɐn dɑ lɑ/

Rime
Character	犍	陀	羅
Reading #	1/2	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	定 (7)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	元 (65)	歌 (94)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I	I
Fanqie	居言切	徒河切	魯何切
Baxter	kjon	da	la
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐn/	/dɑ/	/lɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐn/	/dɑ/	/lɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɐn/	/dɑ/	/lɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨan/	/da/	/la/
Li Rong	/kiɐn/	/dɑ/	/lɑ/
Wang Li	/kĭɐn/	/dɑ/	/lɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɨ̯ɐn/	/dʱɑ/	/lɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān	tuó	luó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin¹	to⁴	lo⁴

Proper noun

犍陀羅

Gandhara

Synonyms

健馱邏／健驮逻

Derived terms

犍陀羅國／犍陀罗国
犍陀羅語／犍陀罗语

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