熬

熬	U+71AC, 熬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71AC

← 熫
[U+71AB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

熭 →
[U+71AD]

Translingual

Han character

熬 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土大火 (GKF) or 手大火 (QKF) or 難手大火 (XQKF), four-corner 5833₄, composition ⿱敖灬)

Derived characters

𭋣, 𮜡

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 680, character 41
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19352
Dae Jaweon: page 1092, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2226, character 4
Unihan data for U+71AC

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 熬
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (敖) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
熬	ŋaːw, qaːw
敖	*ŋaːw
嗷	*ŋaːw
螯	*ŋaːw
聱	ŋaːw, ŋraːw, *ŋrɯw
驁	ŋaːw, ŋaːws
鰲	*ŋaːw
遨	*ŋaːw
獒	*ŋaːw
滶	*ŋaːw
蔜	*ŋaːw
鷔	ŋaːw, ŋaːws
鼇	*ŋaːw
謷	ŋaːw, ŋaːws, *ŋraːw
嶅	*ŋaːw
嗸	*ŋaːw
摮	*ŋaːw
嫯	ŋaːw, ŋaːws
鏊	ŋaːw, ŋaːws
傲	*ŋaːws
磝	*ŋraːw

Etymology 1

trad.		熬
simp. ^#		熬
alternative forms		𤏺𤎅敖

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ŋaw (“to fry; to roast”); cognate with Tibetan རྔོ (rngo, “to fry”), Chepang ङाव्‌सा (ŋaw, “to fry; to parch; to roast”), Tangut 𗲔 (*ŋur¹, “pancake”) (STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Coblin, 1986; Schuessler, 2007; Jacques, 2014).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): áo (ao²)

(Zhuyin): ㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngou⁴, ngaau⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngàu
Eastern Min (BUC): ngò̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ngâu / gô / gô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngao⁵ / hao⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶ngau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: áo
  - Zhuyin: ㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: áo
  - Wade–Giles: ao²
  - Yale: áu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aur
  - Palladius: ао (ao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngou⁴, ngaau⁴
  - Yale: ngòuh, ngàauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngou⁴, ngaau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngou⁴, ngao⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋou̯²¹/, /ŋaːu̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngàu
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngauˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngau²
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋau̯¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngò̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋo⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngâu
  - Tâi-lô: ngâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngaau
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ŋãu²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋãu²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋãu¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô
  - Tâi-lô: gô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gooi
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡo²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡɤ²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡo¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gô͘
  - Tâi-lô: gôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: goo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡɔ²⁴/

Note:

ngâu - vernacular;
gô/gô͘ - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngao⁵ / hao⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngâu / hâu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋau⁵⁵/, /hau⁵⁵/

Note: hao5 - in 熬夜.

Wu
- (Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ngau
  - MiniDict: ngau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋɔ²³/

Middle Chinese: ngaw

Rime
Character	熬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五勞切
Baxter	ngaw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaw/
Li Rong	/ŋɑu/
Wang Li	/ŋɑu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	áo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngou⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋˤaw/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	熬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	áo
Middle Chinese	‹ ngaw ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋˁaw/
English	fry, roast (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	熬
Reading #	1/2
No.	38
Phonetic component	敖
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	敖
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːw/

Definitions

熬

to cook something on slow fire; to extract something using heat
(figurative) to endure
a surname: Ao

Synonyms

(to cook something on slow fire): (Hokkien) 液

Compounds

乾熬／干熬
心癢難熬／心痒难熬
打熬
焦熬投石
煎熬 (jiān'áo)
熬不住
熬不過／熬不过
熬出頭／熬出头
熬刑
熬夜 (áoyè)
熬審／熬审
熬心血
熬枯受淡
熬油
熬清守淡
熬煮
熬煉／熬炼
熬煎 (áojiān)
熬熬
熬磨 (áomó)
熬糖
熬膏
熬藥／熬药 (áoyào)
熬頭／熬头 (áotou)
熬頭兒／熬头儿
熬鷹／熬鹰
苦熬
難熬／难熬 (nán'áo)

Etymology 2

trad.		熬
simp. ^#		熬
alternative forms		爊𤏶

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): āo, áo

(Zhuyin): ㄠ, ㄠˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: āo
  - Zhuyin: ㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ao
  - Wade–Giles: ao¹
  - Yale: āu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: au
  - Palladius: ао (ao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: áo
  - Zhuyin: ㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: áo
  - Wade–Giles: ao²
  - Yale: áu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aur
  - Palladius: ао (ao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɑʊ̯³⁵/

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qaːw/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	熬
Reading #	2/2
No.	57
Phonetic component	敖
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	𤏶
Old Chinese	/*qaːw/
Notes	𤏶今字

Definitions

熬

to stew (vegetables, etc.) in water; to boil; to simmer

Compounds

熬心 (āoxīn)
熬惱／熬恼
熬碴兒／熬碴儿
熬膩／熬腻
熬菜
熬頭／熬头 (āotou)

Japanese

Kanji

熬

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

parch
roast

Readings

Go-on: ごう (gō)
Kan-on: ごう (gō)
Kun: いる (iru, 熬る)

Korean

Hanja

熬 (eum 오 (o))

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Vietnamese

Han character

熬: Hán Nôm readings: ngao

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