混濁

See also: 混浊

Chinese

		to mix; to get along; thoughtless to mix; to get along; thoughtless; confused; dirty; mix	impure; muddy
trad. (混濁)		混	濁
simp. (混浊)		混	浊
alternative forms		溷濁／溷浊

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hùnzhuó

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄓㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wan⁶ zuk⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hūn-cho̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hùnzhuó
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄓㄨㄛˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hùnjhuó
  - Wade–Giles: hun⁴-cho²
  - Yale: hwùn-jwó
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huennjwo
  - Palladius: хуньчжо (xunʹčžo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ən⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wan⁶ zuk⁶
  - Yale: wahn juhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wan⁶ dzuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: wen⁶ zug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐn²² t͡sʊk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-cho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: hūn-tso̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huxnzok
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hun²²⁻²¹ t͡sɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɔk̚²⁴/

Middle Chinese: hwonX draewk

Rime
Character	混	濁
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)	江 (10)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	胡本切	直角切
Baxter	hwonX	draewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuən^X/	/ɖˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuon^X/	/ɖᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuən^X/	/ȡɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwən^X/	/ɖaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/ɣuən^X/	/ȡɔk̚/
Wang Li	/ɣuən^X/	/ȡɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuən^X/	/ȡʱɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hùn	zhuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wan⁶	zok⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːnʔ rdoːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	濁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhuó
Middle Chinese	‹ dræwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[N-tˁ]rok/
English	muddy
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	混	濁
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7536	11813
Phonetic component	昆	蜀
Rime group	文	屋
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	混	濁
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːnʔ/	/*rdoːɡ/

Adjective

混濁

muddy; turbid

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 渾 (“muddy; turbid”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		渾濁, 混濁
Mandarin	Beijing	渾
	Jinan	渾
	Xi'an	溷
	Wuhan	渾
	Chengdu	渾
	Yangzhou	渾
	Hefei	渾
Cantonese	Guangzhou	濁
	Hong Kong	濁
	Yangjiang	濁
Gan	Nanchang	渾
Hakka	Meixian	渾
Jin	Taiyuan	溷
Northern Min	Jian'ou	渾, 濁
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	渾
Southern Min	Xiamen	醪, 醪濁
	Zhangzhou	醪
	Chaozhou	醪
	Haikou	醪
Wu	Suzhou	渾
Wu	Wenzhou	渾
Xiang	Changsha	渾
Xiang	Shuangfeng	渾

Antonyms

明澈 (míngchè)

Derived terms

舉世混濁／举世混浊 (jǔshìhǔnzhuó)

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