洒落る

Japanese
Kanji in this term
洒 落
しゃれ
Hyōgaiji Grade: 3
irregular

Etymology

Semantic shift from 曝(しゃ)れる (shareru),[1][2] itself a phonetic shift from 曝(さ)れる (sareru).[3]

Alternatively, derived from the classical lower bigrade conjugation verb 戯(さ)る (saru), from which 戯(ざ)れる (zareru) is also derived.[4]

First cited to a text from 1660.[4]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) しゃれる [shàrérú] (Heiban – [0])[3][5]
  • IPA(key): [ɕa̠ɾe̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "洒落る"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 洒落る しゃれる [shàrérú]
Imperative (命令形) 洒落ろ しゃれろ [shàréró]
Key constructions
Passive 洒落られる しゃれられる [shàrérárérú]
Causative 洒落させる しゃれさせる [shàrésásérú]
Potential - - -
Volitional 洒落よう しゃれよ​ー [shàréyóꜜò]
Negative 洒落ない しゃれない [shàrénáí]
Negative perfective 洒落なかった しゃれな​かった [shàrénáꜜkàttà]
Formal 洒落ます しゃれま​す [shàrémáꜜsù]
Perfective 洒落た しゃれた [shàrétá]
Conjunctive 洒落て しゃれて [shàrété]
Hypothetical conditional 洒落れば しゃれれ​ば [shàréréꜜbà]

Verb

洒落(しゃれ)る • (shareru) intransitive ichidan (stem 洒落(しゃれ) (share), past 洒落(しゃれ)た (shareta))

  1. [from 1660] to be stylish or smart in appearance and manner
  2. [from 1787] to joke, to be witty
  3. [from 1830s] (in modern usage, often in the past tense form しゃれた) to be flippant, to be saucy, impertinent

Conjugation
Conjugation of "洒落る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 洒落 しゃれ share
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 洒落 しゃれ share
Shūshikei ("terminal") 洒落る しゃれる shareru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 洒落る しゃれる shareru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 洒落れ しゃれれ sharere
Meireikei ("imperative") 洒落よ¹
洒落ろ²		 しゃれよ¹
しゃれろ²		 shareyo¹
sharero²
Key constructions
Passive 洒落られる しゃれられる sharerareru
Causative 洒落させる
洒落さす		 しゃれさせる
しゃれさす		 sharesaseru
sharesasu
Potential 洒落られる
洒落れる³		 しゃれられる
しゃれれる³		 sharerareru
sharereru³
Volitional 洒落よう しゃれよう shareyō
Negative 洒落ない
洒落ぬ
洒落ん		 しゃれない
しゃれぬ
しゃれん		 sharenai
sharenu
sharen
Negative continuative 洒落ず しゃれず sharezu
Formal 洒落ます しゃれます sharemasu
Perfective 洒落た しゃれた shareta
Conjunctive 洒落て しゃれて sharete
Hypothetical conditional 洒落れば しゃれれば sharereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

See also

References
  1. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  2. “洒落る”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. “洒落”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  5. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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