染みる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 染 |
| し Grade: 6 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 沁みる 滲みる 浸みる 泌みる |
Etymology
From Old Japanese 染む (“to dye”).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɕimʲiɾɯ̟ᵝ]
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "染みる"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
染みる | しみる | [shìmírú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 染みろ | しみろ | [shìmíró] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 染みられる | しみられる | [shìmírárérú] |
| Causative | 染みさせる | しみさせる | [shìmísásérú] |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 染みよう | しみよー | [shìmíyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 染みない | しみない | [shìmínáí] |
| Negative perfective | 染みなかった | しみなかった | [shìmínáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 染みます | しみます | [shìmímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 染みた | しみた | [shìmítá] |
| Conjunctive | 染みて | しみて | [shìmíté] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 染みれば | しみれば | [shìmíréꜜbà] |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "染みる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 染み | しみ | shimi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 染み | しみ | shimi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 染みる | しみる | shimiru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 染みる | しみる | shimiru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 染みれ | しみれ | shimire | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 染みよ¹ 染みろ² |
しみよ¹ しみろ² |
shimiyo¹ shimiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 染みられる | しみられる | shimirareru | |
| Causative | 染みさせる 染みさす |
しみさせる しみさす |
shimisaseru shimisasu | |
| Potential | 染みられる 染みれる³ |
しみられる しみれる³ |
shimirareru shimireru³ | |
| Volitional | 染みよう | しみよう | shimiyō | |
| Negative | 染みない 染みぬ 染みん |
しみない しみぬ しみん |
shiminai shiminu shimin | |
| Negative continuative | 染みず | しみず | shimizu | |
| Formal | 染みます | しみます | shimimasu | |
| Perfective | 染みた | しみた | shimita | |
| Conjunctive | 染みて | しみて | shimite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 染みれば | しみれば | shimireba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Suffix
染みる • (-jimiru) ichidan (stem 染み (-jimi), past 染みた (-jimita))
- (with a noun) to be soaked in […]
- (with a noun) to be like […]
References
- James M. Unger, Charles J. Quinn, Brian D. Joseph (2016); The Ohio State University, Proto-Korean-Japanese: A New Reconstruction of the Common Origin of the Japanese and Korean Languages, page 389-390.
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