既然

Chinese

		already; since; both... (and...)	so; thus; like this so; thus; like this; ‑ly; correct; right
trad. (既然)		既	然
simp. ^#(既然)		既	然

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìrán

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄖㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gei³ jin⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ki-yèn / ki-yàn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kì-liân / kì-jiân / kī-giân

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi³ riang⁵ / gi³ riêng⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìrán
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄖㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìrán
  - Wade–Giles: chi⁴-jan²
  - Yale: jì-rán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihran
  - Palladius: цзижань (czižanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gei³ jin⁴
  - Yale: gei yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gei³ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: géi³ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯³³ jiːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki-yèn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gi ienˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gi⁴ yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵ i̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ki-yàn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gi (r)ianˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gi⁴ yan²
  - Sinological IPA: /ki⁵⁵ (j)i̯an¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kì-liân
  - Tâi-lô: kì-liân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kielieen
  - IPA (Singapore): /ki²¹⁻⁴² liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ki²¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ki¹¹⁻⁵³ liɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ liɛn²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kì-jiân
  - Tâi-lô: kì-jiân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiejieen
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki²¹⁻⁵³ d͡ʑiɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki²¹⁻⁴¹ ʑiɛn²³/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kī-giân
  - Tâi-lô: kī-giân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kixgieen
  - IPA (Longyan): /ki⁵⁵ ɡiɛn¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gi³ riang⁵ / gi³ riêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kì jiâng / kì jiêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ʑiaŋ⁵⁵/, /ki²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡ʑieŋ⁵⁵/

Conjunction

既然

since; as; now that; considering
既然已經幫助他了，就索性幫到底。 [MSC, trad.]
既然已经帮助他了，就索性帮到底。 [MSC, simp.]
Jìrán yǐjīng bāngzhù tā le, jiù suǒxìng bāng dàodǐ. [Pinyin]
Since we've already helped him out, we might as well help until the job is done.

既然你們都已經想清楚了，那我尊敬你們的意願。 [MSC, trad.]
既然你们都已经想清楚了，那我尊敬你们的意愿。 [MSC, simp.]
Jìrán nǐmen dōu yǐjīng xiǎng qīngchu le, nà wǒ zūnjìng nǐmen de yìyuàn. [Pinyin]
Considering you have all thought it through, I will respect your wishes.

Synonyms

(Hokkien) 敢若, 敢若是, 甲

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