撫でる
Japanese
    
| Kanji in this term | 
|---|
| 撫 | 
| な Jinmeiyō | 
| kun’yomi | 
Etymology
    
From Old Japanese verb 撫づ (nadu → nazu).
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. 
Pronunciation
    
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "撫でる"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 撫でる | なでる | [nàdéꜜrù] | 
| Imperative (命令形) | 撫でろ | なでろ | [nàdéꜜrò] | 
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 撫でられる | なでられる | [nàdéráréꜜrù] | 
| Causative | 撫でさせる | なでさせる | [nàdésáséꜜrù] | 
| Potential | 撫でられる | なでられる | [nàdéráréꜜrù] | 
| Volitional | 撫でよう | なでよー | [nàdéyóꜜò] | 
| Negative | 撫でない | なでない | [nàdéꜜnàì] | 
| Negative perfective | 撫でなかった | なでなかった | [nàdéꜜnàkàttà] | 
| Formal | 撫でます | なでます | [nàdémáꜜsù] | 
| Perfective | 撫でた | なでた | [náꜜdètà] | 
| Conjunctive | 撫でて | なでて | [náꜜdètè] | 
| Hypothetical conditional | 撫でれば | なでれば | [nàdéꜜrèbà] | 
Conjugation
    
Conjugation of "撫でる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 撫で | なで | nade | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 撫で | なで | nade | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 撫でる | なでる | naderu | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 撫でる | なでる | naderu | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 撫でれ | なでれ | nadere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 撫でよ¹ 撫でろ² | なでよ¹ なでろ² | nadeyo¹ nadero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 撫でられる | なでられる | naderareru | |
| Causative | 撫でさせる 撫でさす | なでさせる なでさす | nadesaseru nadesasu | |
| Potential | 撫でられる 撫でれる³ | なでられる なでれる³ | naderareru nadereru³ | |
| Volitional | 撫でよう | なでよう | nadeyō | |
| Negative | 撫でない 撫でぬ 撫でん | なでない なでぬ なでん | nadenai nadenu naden | |
| Negative continuative | 撫でず | なでず | nadezu | |
| Formal | 撫でます | なでます | nademasu | |
| Perfective | 撫でた | なでた | nadeta | |
| Conjunctive | 撫でて | なでて | nadete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 撫でれば | なでれば | nadereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Derived terms
    
Idioms
    
- 顎を撫でる (ago o naderu)
- 髭を撫でる (hige o naderu)
References
    
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
-  The template Template:R:ja:Martin 1987 does not use the parameter(s): page=703 Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
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