扁桃

Chinese

	flat; tablet; inscription flat; tablet; inscription; small boat	peach
trad. (扁桃)	扁	桃
simp. ^#(扁桃)	扁	桃
alternative forms	偏桃匾桃

Etymology

A Central Asian import during the Medieval period. Perhaps a phono-semantic matching of Persian (bâdâm, “almond”) (as per Cihai), semantically construed as the “flat peach”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): biǎntáo

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄢˇ ㄊㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bin² tou⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: biǎntáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄢˇ ㄊㄠˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: biǎntáo
  - Wade–Giles: pien³-tʻao²
  - Yale: byǎn-táu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beantaur
  - Palladius: бяньтао (bjanʹtao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bin² tou⁴
  - Yale: bín tòuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bin² tou⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: bin² tou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piːn³⁵ tʰou̯²¹/

Noun

扁桃

almond (the plant Prunus amygdalus or its fruit)
flat peach

Synonyms

(almond): 巴旦木 (bādànmù), 巴旦杏 (bādànxìng), 杏仁 (xìngrén)
(flat peach): 蟠桃 (pántáo)

Derived terms

扁桃腺 (biǎntáoxiàn)
扁桃體／扁桃体 (biǎntáotǐ)

Japanese

扁桃 (hentō): the tonsils.

Kanji in this term
扁	桃
へん Hyōgaiji	とう Grade: S
on’yomi

Etymology

/pentau/ → /fentau/ → /hentau/ → /hentɔː/ → /hentoː/

From Middle Chinese compound 扁桃 (pen^X daw, literally “flat, thin + peach”), from the way the almond fruit resembles a flat, thin peach.

The modern sense of tonsil came about by contraction from the full term 扁桃腺 (hentōsen, literally “almond gland”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) へんとー [hèńtóó] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [hẽ̞nto̞ː]

Noun

扁(へん)桃(とう) or 扁桃(ヘントウ) • (hentō) ^{←へんたう (fentau)^?}

almond
tonsil (from the almond shape)

Synonyms

(almond): 巴旦杏(はたんきょう) (hatankyō), アーモンド (āmondo)
(tonsil): 扁桃腺(へんとうせん) (hentōsen)

Derived terms

苦扁桃(くへんとう) (kuhentō): bitter almond
苦扁桃油(くへんとうゆ) (kuhentōyu): bitter almond oil
苦扁桃水(くへんとうすい) (kuhentōsui): bitter almond oil dissolved in water
扁桃炎(へんとうえん) (hentōen): tonsillitis
扁桃核(へんとうかく) (hentōkaku): amygdala
扁桃腺(へんとうせん) (hentōsen): tonsil
扁桃腺炎(へんとうせんえん) (hentōsen'en): tonsillitis
扁桃腺切除(へんとうせんせつじょ) (hentōsen setsujo): tonsillectomy
扁桃肥大(へんとうひだい) (hentō hidai): enlarged tonsils, tonsillar hypertrophy
扁桃体(へんとうたい) (hentōtai): amygdala
扁桃油(へんとうゆ) (hentōyu): almond oil

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

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[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN