忠告

Chinese
loyal to tell; to inform; to say
trad. (忠告/忠吿) 忠 告/吿
simp. (忠告) 忠 告

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 忠 告
Reading # 1/1 2/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 東 (2) 沃 (6)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III I
Fanqie 陟弓切 古沃切
Baxter trjuwng kowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ʈɨuŋ/ /kuok̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ʈiuŋ/ /kuok̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȶiuŋ/ /kok̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ʈuwŋ/ /kawk̚/
Li
Rong		 /ȶiuŋ/ /kok̚/
Wang
Li		 /ȶĭuŋ/ /kuok̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȶi̯uŋ/ /kuok̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 zhōng gu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 zung1 guk1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 忠 告
Reading # 1/1 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 zhōng gào
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ trjuwng › ‹ kowk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*truŋ/ /*kˁuk/
English loyal announce, inform

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 忠 告
Reading # 1/1 2/2
No. 17408 3818
Phonetic
component		 中 吿
Rime
group		 終 覺
Rime
subdivision		 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 中 梏
Old
Chinese		 /*tuŋ/ /*kuːɡ/

Noun

忠告

  1. advice; recommendation; counsel

Synonyms

Verb

忠告

  1. to advise

Synonyms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (忠告):

Japanese
Kanji in this term
忠 告
ちゅう
Grade: 6		 こく
Grade: 5
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
忠吿 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ちゅうこく [chùúkókú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [t͡ɕɨᵝːko̞kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

忠(ちゅう)告(こく) • (chūkoku) 

  1. advice

Verb

忠(ちゅう)告(こく)する • (chūkoku suru) transitive suru (stem 忠(ちゅう)告(こく)し (chūkoku shi), past 忠(ちゅう)告(こく)した (chūkoku shita))

  1. advise
    気(き)を付(つ)けるようにと忠告(ちゅうこく)する
    ki o tsukeru yō ni to chūkoku suru
    advise to be careful

Conjugation
Conjugation of "忠告する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 忠告し ちゅうこくし chūkoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 忠告し ちゅうこくし chūkoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 忠告する ちゅうこくする chūkoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 忠告する ちゅうこくする chūkoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 忠告すれ ちゅうこくすれ chūkoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 忠告せよ¹
忠告しろ²		 ちゅうこくせよ¹
ちゅうこくしろ²		 chūkoku seyo¹
chūkoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 忠告される ちゅうこくされる chūkoku sareru
Causative 忠告させる
忠告さす		 ちゅうこくさせる
ちゅうこくさす		 chūkoku saseru
chūkoku sasu
Potential 忠告できる ちゅうこくできる chūkoku dekiru
Volitional 忠告しよう ちゅうこくしよう chūkoku shiyō
Negative 忠告しない ちゅうこくしない chūkoku shinai
Negative continuative 忠告せず ちゅうこくせず chūkoku sezu
Formal 忠告します ちゅうこくします chūkoku shimasu
Perfective 忠告した ちゅうこくした chūkoku shita
Conjunctive 忠告して ちゅうこくして chūkoku shite
Hypothetical conditional 忠告すれば ちゅうこくすれば chūkoku sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
忠告

Noun

忠告 • (chunggo) (hangeul 충고)

  1. Hanja form? of 충고 (“advice”).
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