微笑む

Japanese
Kanji in this term
微 笑
Grade: S え
Grade: 4
irregular kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
ほほ笑む
頬笑む

Etymology

Compound of 頬 (hoho, “cheek”) +‎ 笑む (emu, “smile”).[1][2][3]

The spelling appears to be an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), based on Chinese 微笑 (wēixiào, literally “slight smile”).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ほほえ​む [hòhóéꜜmù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ho̞ho̞e̞mɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "微笑む"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 微笑む ほほえ​む [hòhóéꜜmù]
Imperative (命令形) 微笑め ほほえ​め [hòhóéꜜmè]
Key constructions
Passive 微笑まれる ほほえまれ​る [hòhóémáréꜜrù]
Causative 微笑ませる ほほえませ​る [hòhóémáséꜜrù]
Potential 微笑める ほほえめ​る [hòhóéméꜜrù]
Volitional 微笑もう ほほえも​ー [hòhóémóꜜò]
Negative 微笑まない ほほえま​ない [hòhóémáꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 微笑まなかった ほほえま​なかった [hòhóémáꜜnàkàttà]
Formal 微笑みます ほほえみま​す [hòhóémímáꜜsù]
Perfective 微笑んだ ほほえ​んだ [hòhóéꜜǹdà]
Conjunctive 微笑んで ほほえ​んで [hòhóéꜜǹdè]
Hypothetical conditional 微笑めば ほほえ​めば [hòhóéꜜmèbà]

Alternative (informal):

  • (Tokyo) ほおえ​む [hòóéꜜmù] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ho̞ːe̞mɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

微笑(ほほえ)む • (hohoemu) ←ほほゑむ (fofowemu)?intransitive godan (stem 微笑(ほほえ)み (hohoemi), past 微笑(ほほえ)んだ (hohoenda))

  1. to smile

Conjugation
Conjugation of "微笑む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 微笑ま ほほえま hohoema
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 微笑み ほほえみ hohoemi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 微笑む ほほえむ hohoemu
Rentaikei ("attributive") 微笑む ほほえむ hohoemu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 微笑め ほほえめ hohoeme
Meireikei ("imperative") 微笑め ほほえめ hohoeme
Key constructions
Passive 微笑まれる ほほえまれる hohoemareru
Causative 微笑ませる
微笑ます		 ほほえませる
ほほえます		 hohoemaseru
hohoemasu
Potential 微笑める ほほえめる hohoemeru
Volitional 微笑もう ほほえもう hohoemō
Negative 微笑まない ほほえまない hohoemanai
Negative continuative 微笑まず ほほえまず hohoemazu
Formal 微笑みます ほほえみます hohoemimasu
Perfective 微笑んだ ほほえんだ hohoenda
Conjunctive 微笑んで ほほえんで hohoende
Hypothetical conditional 微笑めば ほほえめば hohoemeba

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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