彼岸

Chinese

		that; those; (one) another)	bank; shore; beach bank; shore; beach; coast
simp. and trad. (彼岸)		彼	岸

Etymology

Literal translation of Sanskrit पारमिता (pāramitā). Compare the phonetic translation 波羅蜜多／波罗蜜多 (bōluómìduō).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǐ'àn

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˇ ㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bei² ngon⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pí-gān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǐ'àn
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˇ ㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǐ-àn
  - Wade–Giles: pi³-an⁴
  - Yale: bǐ-àn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biiann
  - Palladius: биань (bianʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei² ngon⁶
  - Yale: béi ngohn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei² ngon⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi² ngon⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯³⁵ ŋɔːn²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pí-gān
  - Tâi-lô: pí-gān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: py'gan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ ɡan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /pi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ɡan³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ɡan³³/

Middle Chinese: pjeX nganH

Rime
Character	彼	岸
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	支 (13)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	甫委切	五旰切
Baxter	pjeX	nganH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠiᴇ^X/	/ŋɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚiɛ^X/	/ŋɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/piɛ^X/	/ŋɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pjiə̆^X/	/ŋan^H/
Li Rong	/pje^X/	/ŋɑn^H/
Wang Li	/pǐe^X/	/ŋɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pie̯^X/	/ŋɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bǐ	àn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei²	ngon⁶

Noun

彼岸

(literary) opposite bank (of a river, etc.); the other shore; the other side
(Buddhism) paramita; the perfection of a virtue; the goal to be reached

Synonyms

(paramita): 波羅蜜／波罗蜜 (bōluómì)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (彼岸):

→ Japanese: 彼岸(ひがん) (higan)
→ Korean: 피안(彼岸) (pian)
→ Vietnamese: bỉ ngạn (彼岸)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
彼	岸
ひ Grade: S	がん Grade: 3
on’yomi

Alternative forms

お彼岸(ひがん) (o-higan)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひがん [hìgáꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])[1][2][3]
(Tokyo) ひがん [hìgáń] (Heiban – [0])[1][2][3]
IPA^(key): [çiɡã̠ɴ]

Noun

彼(ひ)岸(がん) • (higan)

(Buddhism) the pāramitā (same as Chinese)
(also お彼岸 (o-higan)) the 7 days including vernal or autumnal equinox in the 4th day. They take a Buddhistic ceremony in this period.

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
彼	岸

Noun

彼岸 • (pian) (hangeul 피안)

Hanja form^? of 피안 (“the paramita”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
彼	岸

Noun

彼岸

chữ Hán form of bỉ ngạn.

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