建言

Chinese

		to establish; to found; to set up to establish; to found; to set up; to build; to construct	to speak; to say; talk to speak; to say; talk; word
simp. and trad. (建言)		建	言

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiànyán

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gin³ jin⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiàn-giân

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiànyán
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiànyán
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴-yen²
  - Yale: jyàn-yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiannyan
  - Palladius: цзяньянь (czjanʹjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹ jɛn³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    建言
    諫言／谏言
    腱炎
    踐言／践言
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gin³ jin⁴
  - Yale: gin yìhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin³ jin⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gin³ yin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn³³ jiːn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiàn-giân
  - Tâi-lô: kiàn-giân
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiern'gieen
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ ɡiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ ɡiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁵³ ɡiɛn¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ ɡiɛn²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ ɡiɛn²³/

Middle Chinese: kjonH ngjon

Rime
Character	建	言
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	元 (65)	元 (65)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居万切	語軒切
Baxter	kjonH	ngjon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐn^H/	/ŋɨɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐn^H/	/ŋiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɐn^H/	/ŋiɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨan^H/	/ŋɨan/
Li Rong	/kiɐn^H/	/ŋiɐn/
Wang Li	/kĭɐn^H/	/ŋĭɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kɨ̯ɐn^H/	/ŋɨ̯ɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin³	jin⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]a[n]-s ŋa[n]|ŋa[r]/

(Zhengzhang): /*kans ŋan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	建	言	言	言	言
Reading #	1/1	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn	yán	yán	yán	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ kjon^H ›	‹ ngjon ›	‹ ngjon ›	‹ ngjon ›	‹ ngjon ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]a[n]-s/	/*ŋa[n]/	/*ŋa[n]/	/*ŋa[n]/	/*ŋa[r]/
English	set up, establish	(a particle)	I, we	speak; speech	tall
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	建	言
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6220	14271
Phonetic component	建	言
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	建	言
Old Chinese	/*kans/	/*ŋan/

Verb

建言

to offer a suggestion

Derived terms

建言獻策／建言献策

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