失火

Chinese

		to lose; to miss; to fail	fire; angry; fierce fire; angry; fierce; fiery; thriving
trad. (失火)		失	火
simp. ^#(失火)		失	火

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shīhuǒ

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄏㄨㄛˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sat¹ fo²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sit-hér / sit-hé / sit-hóe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shīhuǒ
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄏㄨㄛˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shihhuǒ
  - Wade–Giles: shih¹-huo³
  - Yale: shr̄-hwǒ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhuoo
  - Palladius: шихо (šixo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ xu̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sat¹ fo²
  - Yale: sāt fó
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sat⁷ fo²
  - Guangdong Romanization: sed¹ fo²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐt̚⁵ fɔː³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-hér
  - Tâi-lô: sit-hér
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sit̚⁵⁻²⁴ hə⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-hé
  - Tâi-lô: sit-hé
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sithea
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ he⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sit-hóe
  - Tâi-lô: sit-hué
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sithoea
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sit̚³²⁻⁵ hue⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sit̚³²⁻⁴ hue⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: syit xwaX

Rime
Character	失	火
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	眞 (48)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	式質切	呼果切
Baxter	syit	xwaX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiɪt̚/	/huɑ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕit̚/	/huɑ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjet̚/	/xuɑ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕit̚/	/hwa^X/
Li Rong	/ɕiĕt̚/	/xuɑ^X/
Wang Li	/ɕĭĕt̚/	/xuɑ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ĕt̚/	/xuɑ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shi	huǒ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sat¹	fo²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥i[t] [qʷʰ]ˤəjʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*hliɡ qʰʷaːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	失	火
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shī	huǒ
Middle Chinese	‹ syit ›	‹ xwa^X ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥i[t]/	/*[qʷʰ]ˁəjʔ/
English	lose	fire
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	失	火
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11426	5540
Phonetic component	失	火
Rime group	質	歌
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	失	火
Old Chinese	/*hliɡ/	/*qʰʷaːlʔ/

Verb

失火

to catch fire
- 凡國失火，野焚萊，則有刑罰焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  凡国失火，野焚莱，则有刑罚焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Rites of Zhou, circa 3^rd century BCE
  Fán guó shīhuǒ, yě fén lái, zé yǒu xíngfá yān. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 河內失火，延燒千餘家。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  河内失火，延烧千余家。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Hénèi shīhuǒ, yánshāo qiān yú jiā. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(engineering) to misfire

Synonyms

發火／发火 (fāhuǒ)
著火／着火 (zháohuǒ)
起火

Dialectal synonyms of 失火 (“to catch fire”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		失火, 著火, 起火
Mandarin	Taiwan	失火, 著火
Cantonese	Guangzhou	火燭, 老丙
Cantonese	Hong Kong	著火, 火燭
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	著火
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	著火
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	著火
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	著火
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	著火
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	著火
Southern Min	Xiamen	著火燒, 火燒
	Quanzhou	著火燒, 火燒
	Zhangzhou	著火燒, 火燒

Derived terms

亡猿失火
城門失火，殃及池魚／城门失火，殃及池鱼 (chéngmén shīhuǒ, yāngjí chíyú)
失火罪
昆侖失火，玉石俱焚／昆仑失火，玉石俱焚

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (失火):

→ Japanese: 失(しっ)火(か) (shikka)
→ Korean: 실화(失火) (silhwa)

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