呻吟

Chinese
groan moan; to hum
trad. (呻吟) 呻 吟
simp. #(呻吟) 呻 吟

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 呻 吟
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 眞 (43) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 失人切 魚金切
Baxter syin ngim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕiɪn/ /ŋˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕin/ /ŋᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕjen/ /ŋiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕin/ /ŋjim/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiĕn/ /ŋjəm/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭĕn/ /ŋĭĕm/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯ĕn/ /ŋi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 shēn yín
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 san1 ngam4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 呻 吟
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 shēn yín
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ syin › ‹ ngim ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l̥i[n]/ /*m-qʰ(r)[ə]m/
English chant, drone chant, intone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 呻 吟
Reading # 1/1 1/2
No. 11237 6618
Phonetic
component		 申 今
Rime
group		 眞 侵
Rime
subdivision		 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 申 吟
Old
Chinese		 /*hlin/ /*ŋɡrɯm/

Verb

呻吟

  1. to moan; to groan
    發出痛苦的呻吟／发出痛苦的呻吟  ―  fāchū tòngkǔ de shēnyín  ―  to moan in pain
  2. (literary) to read aloud; to chant

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (呻吟):
  • → Japanese: 呻吟(しんぎん) (shingin)
  • → Korean: 신음(呻吟) (sineum)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
呻 吟
しん
Hyōgaiji		 ぎん
Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) しんぎん [shìńgíń] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ɕĩŋʲɡʲĩɴ]

Noun

呻(しん)吟(ぎん) • (shingin) ←しんぎん (singin)?

  1. moaning; groaning

Verb

呻(しん)吟(ぎん)する • (shingin suru) ←しんぎん (singin)?suru (stem 呻(しん)吟(ぎん)し (shingin shi), past 呻(しん)吟(ぎん)した (shingin shita))

  1. to moan; to groan

Conjugation
Conjugation of "呻吟する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 呻吟し しんぎんし shingin shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 呻吟し しんぎんし shingin shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 呻吟する しんぎんする shingin suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 呻吟する しんぎんする shingin suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 呻吟すれ しんぎんすれ shingin sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 呻吟せよ¹
呻吟しろ²		 しんぎんせよ¹
しんぎんしろ²		 shingin seyo¹
shingin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 呻吟される しんぎんされる shingin sareru
Causative 呻吟させる
呻吟さす		 しんぎんさせる
しんぎんさす		 shingin saseru
shingin sasu
Potential 呻吟できる しんぎんできる shingin dekiru
Volitional 呻吟しよう しんぎんしよう shingin shiyō
Negative 呻吟しない しんぎんしない shingin shinai
Negative continuative 呻吟せず しんぎんせず shingin sezu
Formal 呻吟します しんぎんします shingin shimasu
Perfective 呻吟した しんぎんした shingin shita
Conjunctive 呻吟して しんぎんして shingin shite
Hypothetical conditional 呻吟すれば しんぎんすれば shingin sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
呻吟

Noun

呻吟 • (sineum) (hangeul 신음)

  1. Hanja form? of 신음 (“moan; groan”).
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