吸う
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 吸 |
| す Grade: 6 |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology
From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *supu. Cognate with Okinawan 吸ぷゆん (shipuyun).
Likely an onomatopoeia. Compare Middle Korean ᄲᆞᆯ〮다〮 (spóltá, “to suck”), Middle Chinese 吸 (MC xip, “to suck”), Proto-Austronesian *-sep (“to suck”), Proto-Indo-European *sewg- (“to suck”), etc.[2]
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "吸う"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
吸う | すう | [sùú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 吸え | すえ | [sùé] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 吸われる | すわれる | [sùwárérú] |
| Causative | 吸わせる | すわせる | [sùwásérú] |
| Potential | 吸える | すえる | [sùérú] |
| Volitional | 吸おう | すおー | [sùóꜜò] |
| Negative | 吸わない | すわない | [sùwánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 吸わなかった | すわなかった | [sùwánáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 吸います | すいます | [sùímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 吸った | すった | [sùttá] |
| Conjunctive | 吸って | すって | [sùtté] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 吸えば | すえば | [sùéꜜbà] |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "吸う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 吸わ | すわ | suwa |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 吸い | すい | sui |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 吸う | すう | suu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 吸う | すう | suu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 吸え | すえ | sue |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 吸え | すえ | sue |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 吸われる | すわれる | suwareru |
| Causative | 吸わせる 吸わす |
すわせる すわす |
suwaseru suwasu |
| Potential | 吸える | すえる | sueru |
| Volitional | 吸おう | すおう | suō |
| Negative | 吸わない | すわない | suwanai |
| Negative continuative | 吸わず | すわず | suwazu |
| Formal | 吸います | すいます | suimasu |
| Perfective | 吸った | すった | sutta |
| Conjunctive | 吸って | すって | sutte |
| Hypothetical conditional | 吸えば | すえば | sueba |
Classical conjugation of "吸ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 吸は | すは | sufa |
| Continuative (連用形) | 吸ひ | すひ | sufi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 吸ふ | すふ | sufu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 吸ふ | すふ | sufu |
| Realis (已然形) | 吸へ | すへ | sufe |
| Imperative (命令形) | 吸へ | すへ | sufe |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 吸はず | すはず | sufazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 吸へど | すへど | sufedo |
| Causal conjunction | 吸へば | すへば | sufeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 吸はば | すはば | sufaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 吸ひき | すひき | sufiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 吸ひけり | すひけり | sufikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 吸ひつ | すひつ | sufitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 吸ひぬ | すひぬ | sufinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 吸へり 吸ひたり | すへり すひたり | suferi sufitari |
| Volitional | 吸はむ | すはむ | sufamu |
References
- “吸”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- Vovin, Alexander (2010) Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin, University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 179
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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