司馬

See also: 司马

Chinese

		company; control	horse; surname
trad. (司馬)		司	馬
simp. (司马)		司	马

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sīmǎ

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄇㄚˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): si¹ maa⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): si¹ ma²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): su-má / sir-má

(Teochew, Peng'im): se¹ bhê²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sīmǎ
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄇㄚˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sihmǎ
  - Wade–Giles: ssŭ¹-ma³
  - Yale: sz̄-mǎ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: symaa
  - Palladius: сыма (syma)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: si¹ maa⁵
  - Yale: sī máh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: si¹ maa⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: xi¹ ma⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː⁵⁵ maː¹³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: si¹ ma²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /sz̩¹¹ ma⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su-má
  - Tâi-lô: su-má
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sumar
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /su⁴⁴⁻²² mã⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /su⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴⁻³³ mã⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sir-má
  - Tâi-lô: sir-má
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ³³ mã⁵⁵⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: se¹ bhê²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ bé
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɯ³³⁻²³ be⁵²/

Middle Chinese: si maeX

Rime
Character	司	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	息兹切	莫下切
Baxter	si	maeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sɨ/	/mˠa^X/
Pan Wuyun	/sɨ/	/mᵚa^X/
Shao Rongfen	/sie/	/ma^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɨ/	/maɨ^X/
Li Rong	/siə/	/ma^X/
Wang Li	/sĭə/	/ma^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/si/	/ma^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sī	mǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si¹	maa⁵

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-lə mˤraʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*slɯ mraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	司	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sī	mǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ si ›	‹ mæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*s-lə/	/*mˁraʔ/
English	superintend	horse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	司	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	11951	8715
Phonetic component	司	馬
Rime group	之	魚
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	思	馬
Old Chinese	/*slɯ/	/*mraːʔ/

Noun

司馬

(archaic) Grand Marshal (an important official post during the Han Dynasty)
(archaic) Major (a low-level position within a commandery; the person in this position handled military affairs within the commandery)

Synonyms

典午 (diǎnwǔ)

Derived terms

司馬昭之心／司马昭之心 (Sīmǎ Zhāo zhī xīn)
司馬晉／司马晋 (Sīmǎ Jìn)
司馬法／司马法
司馬門／司马门
司馬青衫／司马青衫
大司馬／大司马 (dàsīmǎ)
文君司馬／文君司马
江州司馬／江州司马
江州司馬／江州司马

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (司馬):

→ Japanese: 司馬(しば) (shiba)
→ Korean: 사마(司馬) (sama)

(Others)

→ Tocharian B: simā

Proper noun

司馬

a surname: Sima
司馬遷／司马迁 ― Sīmǎ Qiān ― Sima Qian (author of the Records of the Grand Historian)

司馬懿／司马懿 ― Sīmǎ Yì ― Sima Yi (politician during the Three Kingdoms period)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (司馬):

→ Japanese: 司馬(しば) (Shiba)
→ Korean: 사마(司馬) (Sama)
→ Vietnamese: Tư Mã (司馬)

Others:

→ Bouyei: Siymaj
→ English: Sima, Szema
→ Zhuang: Swhmaj

Adjective

司馬

(Mandarin, Internet slang, vulgar) Alternative form of 死媽／死妈 (sǐmā) (see 你媽死了／你妈死了 for details)

References

Government of the Han Dynasty on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Sima (surname) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Japanese

Kanji in this term
司	馬
し Grade: 4	ば Grade: 2
kan’on

Etymology

Literary Chinese 司馬 (sīmǎ)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しば [shíꜜbà] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [ɕiba̠]

Noun

司(し)馬(ば) • (shiba)

(historical, government, religion, military) a position in feudal China, responsible for certain bureaucratic, religious and military affairs
Holonym: 三公

Coordinate terms: 司空, 司徒
(historical, government) Synonym of 掾 (jō, “third-in-command of a 国司 (kokushi, “governorship”)”) (唐名 (karana, “Chinese designation”))

Proper noun

司(し)馬(ば) • (Shiba)

a surname from Chinese
司(し)馬(ば)遷(せん)
Shiba Sen
Sima Qian

司(し)馬(ば)懿(い)
Shiba I
Sima Yi

司(し)馬(ば)江(こう)漢(かん)
Shiba Kōkan
(please add an English translation of this example)

司(し)馬(ば)凌(りょう)海(かい)
Shiba Ryōkai
(please add an English translation of this example)

Korean

Hanja in this term
司	馬

Proper noun

司馬 • (Sama) (hangeul 사마)

Hanja form^? of 사마.

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