博士

Chinese
 
extensive; ample; rich
extensive; ample; rich; obtain; aim; to win; to get; plentiful; to gamble
 scholar; warrior; knight
trad. (博士) 博 士
simp. #(博士) 博 士

Etymology

Attestable since at least the Eastern Han dynasty. In modern Mandarin, a doublet of 把戲／把戏 (bǎxì) and 把式 (bǎshì).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 博 士
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1) 崇 (20)
Final (韻) 鐸 (104) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 補各切 鉏里切
Baxter pak dzriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /pwɑk̚/ /d͡ʒɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /pʷɑk̚/ /ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /puɑk̚/ /d͡ʒieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /pwak̚/ /ɖ͡ʐɨX/
Li
Rong		 /puɑk̚/ /d͡ʒiəX/
Wang
Li		 /puɑk̚/ /d͡ʒĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /pwɑk̚/ /ɖ͡ʐʱiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 bo zhì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 bok3 zi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 博 士
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 bó shì
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ pak › ‹ dzriX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*pˁak/ /*[m-s-]rəʔ/
English broad officer; gentleman

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 博 士
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 3474 11511
Phonetic
component		 甫 士
Rime
group		 鐸 之
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 博 士
Old
Chinese		 /*paːɡ/ /*zrɯʔ/

Noun

博士

  1. doctorate; Ph.D.
    博士生  ―  bóshìshēng  ―  doctoral candidate
    哲學博士／哲学博士  ―  zhéxué bóshì  ―  Doctor of Philosophy
    我會好好努力把我的博士讀完。 [MSC, trad.]
    我会好好努力把我的博士读完。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ huì hǎohǎo nǔlì bǎ wǒ de bóshì dúwán. [Pinyin]
    I will work hard to finish my doctorate.
    他剛從北京大學取得博士學位。 [MSC, trad.]
    他刚从北京大学取得博士学位。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā gāng cóng Běijīng dàxué qǔdé bóshì xuéwèi. [Pinyin]
    He recently obtained his doctorate degree from Peking University.
  2. doctor (someone with a Ph.D.)
    吳博士／吴博士  ―  Wú bóshì  ―  Dr. Wu
    張博士是這場講座的主講人。 [MSC, trad.]
    张博士是这场讲座的主讲人。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhāng bóshì shì zhè chǎng jiǎngzuò de zhǔjiǎngrén. [Pinyin]
    Dr. Zhang is the presenter of this seminar.
  3. (history) court academician (in feudal China)
  4. (history) master; person with a particular skill
    茶博士  ―  chá bóshì  ―  a tea master
  5. (history) learned scholar; polymath
  6. (dialectal) carpenter; woodworker

Synonyms
  • (carpenter):
Dialectal synonyms of 木匠 (“carpenter; woodworker”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 木匠, 木工, 木作
Mandarin Beijing 木匠
Taiwan 木匠, 木工
Tianjin 木匠, 木作
Tangshan 木匠, 木工
Cangzhou 木匠, 木工
Baoding 木匠
Shijiazhuang 木匠
Chifeng 木匠, 木工
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 木匠
Harbin 木匠, 木工
Shenyang 木匠, 木工
Yantai (Muping) 木匠
Qingdao 木匠
Jinan 木匠
Luoyang 木匠
Wanrong 木匠
Zhengzhou 木匠
Xi'an 木匠, 木工
Yinchuan 木匠
Lanzhou 木匠, 木工
Xining 木匠
Ürümqi 木匠
Wuhan 木匠
Huanggang 博士
Chengdu 木匠, 木工
Chongqing 木匠, 木工
Guiyang 木匠
Kunming 木匠, 木工
Guilin 木匠
Liuzhou 木匠, 木工佬, 木工
Xuzhou 木匠老師兒, 木匠, 木工
Yangzhou 木匠
Nanjing 木匠
Hefei 木匠
Nantong 木匠
Cantonese Guangzhou 鬥木佬
Hong Kong 鬥木佬, 鬥木師傅
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 鬥木佬
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 木匠
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 鬥木佬
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 鬥木佬
Macau 鬥木佬, 鬥木師傅
Guangzhou (Panyu) 鬥木佬
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 鬥木佬
Guangzhou (Conghua) 鬥木佬
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 鬥木佬
Foshan 鬥木佬
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 鬥木佬
Foshan (Shunde) 鬥木佬
Foshan (Sanshui) 鬥木佬
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 木工
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 鬥木佬
Zhuhai (Qianshan) 鬥木佬
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 鬥木佬
Zhuhai (Doumen) 鬥木佬
Jiangmen (Baisha) 鬥木佬
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 鬥木佬
Taishan 鬥木佬
Kaiping (Chikan) 木工
Enping (Niujiang) 鬥木佬
Heshan (Yayao) 鬥木佬
Dongguan 鬥木佬
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 鬥木佬
Qingyuan 鬥木佬, 整木佬
Fogang 鬥木佬
Yingde (Hanguang) 鬥木佬
Yangshan 鬥木佬
Lianshan (Butian) 鬥木佬
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 木匠
Shaoguan 鬥木佬, 木工佬
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 鬥木佬, 木匠
Renhua 鬥木佬
Lechang 木工, 鬥木佬
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 鬥木佬
Sihui 鬥木佬
Guangning 鬥木佬
Deqing 鬥木佬
Huaiji 鬥木佬
Fengkai (Nanfeng) 鬥木佬
Yunfu 整木佬
Xinxing 鬥木佬
Luoding 整木佬
Yunan (Pingtai) 整木佬
Yangjiang 木工
Xinyi 木工佬
Maoming (Xinpo) 鬥木佬
Lianjiang 鬥木佬
Nanning 木工佬
Wuzhou 鬥木佬
Yulin 木工佬
Hepu (Lianzhou) 木工佬
Hepu (Shatian) 木工佬
Guiping 木工佬
Mengshan (Xihe) 木匠
Guigang (Nanjiang) 木工佬
Beiliu (Tangliao) 木工佬
Baise 木工佬
Bobai 木工佬
Lingshan 木工佬
Pubei 木工佬
Qinzhou 木工佬
Beihai 木工佬
Beihai (Nankang) 木工佬
Beihai (Yingpan) 木工佬
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 木匠
Ningming 木工佬
Hengzhou 木匠佬
Hezhou (Pumen) 木工
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 木工
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 鬥木佬
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 木工
Móng Cái 木匠
Gan Nanchang 博師
Lichuan 木匠師傅, 博士
Pingxiang 木匠, 博士
Hakka Meixian 木匠
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 木匠
Dongguan (Qingxi) 木匠佬
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 木匠
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 鬥木佬
Wuhua (Huacheng) 木匠
Heyuan (Bendihua) 木匠
Wengyuan 木工
Liannan 木匠
Conghua (Lütian) 鬥木師傅
Jiexi 木匠
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 木匠
Changting 木匠
Wuping (Yanqian) 木匠
Ninghua 木匠師傅
Yudu 木匠, 木工
Ningdu 木匠
Tonggu (Sandu) 博師
Dayu 木匠
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 木匠
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 木匠
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 木匠
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 木匠
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 木匠
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 做木師傅, 木匠
Hong Kong 鬥木佬, 木匠
Yangxi (Tangkou) 木匠佬
Yangchun (Sanjia) 木匠佬
Xinyi (Sihe) 木匠佬
Xinyi (Qianpai) 木匠
Gaozhou (Xindong) 木工佬
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 木工佬
Huazhou (Xin'an) 鬥木佬
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 木工佬
Lianjiang (Qingping) 木工佬
Mengshan (Xihe) 木匠
Luchuan 木匠
Beiliu (Tang'an) 木工佬
Mashan (Pianlian) 木工佬
Senai (Huiyang) 家私佬
Huizhou Jixi 木匠
Shexian 木匠
Jin Taiyuan 木匠
Xinzhou 木匠
Linhe 木匠
Jining 木匠
Hohhot 木匠, 木工
Zhangjiakou 木匠, 木工
Handan 木匠, 木工
Northern Min Jian'ou 做頭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 木師傅
Southern Min Xiamen 木師, 做木的, 木匠
Xiamen (Tong'an) 做木的
Quanzhou 木師, 柴師, 做木的, 木匠
Yongchun 柴師, 做木的
Zhangzhou 做木的, 做木師, 木匠
Taipei 木匠, 做木的
New Taipei (Sanxia) 木匠師
Kaohsiung 木匠, 做木的, 木工
Yilan 木匠
Changhua (Lukang) 木匠, 做木的, 做木師
Taichung 木匠, 木匠師
Taichung (Wuqi) 木匠師
Tainan 木匠, 木師, 做木的
Taitung 木匠
Hsinchu 木匠, 木匠師
Kinmen 做木的
Penghu (Magong) 做木的, 做木師傅
Penang (Hokkien) 柴木師, 柴工
Singapore (Hokkien) 柴工
Pingnan (Shangdu) 木匠
Chaozhou 木工
Shantou 木匠, 木工
Shantou (Chenghai) 木工
Jieyang 木工
Haifeng 柴師
Bangkok (Teochew) 木工, 木匠
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 柴工
Pontianak (Teochew) 木工
Leizhou 北代
Haikou 柴工, 柴工爹, 木匠
Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 鬥木佬
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 木匠
Nanning (Shajing) 木工佬
Wu Shanghai 木匠, 木工
Shanghai (Chongming) 木匠
Suzhou 木匠
Danyang 木匠
Hangzhou 木匠師傅
Ningbo 木匠
Jinhua 木匠, 木匠老師, 做木老師, 做木個
Xiang Changsha 木匠師傅
Loudi 木匠

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (博士):
  • → Japanese: 博(はく)士(し) (hakushi, “court academician; doctor”)
  • → Korean: 박사(博士) (baksa, “doctor; expert; learned man”)
  • → Vietnamese: bác sĩ (博士, “medical doctor; physician”)

Others:

  • → Korean: 박수 (baksu, “male priest, male shaman”)
  • → Manchu: ᠪᠠᡴᠰᡳ (baksi), ᠪᠠᡴᡧᡳ (bakši, “scholar; Confucian scholar”)
    • → Chinese: 把式 (bǎshì), 把勢／把势 (bǎshì, “martial arts; master; skill”), 把戲／把戏 (bǎxì, “circus tricks; cheap tricks”)
    • → Chinese: 巴克什 (bākèshí, “baksi, title given to Qing Dynasty scholars”)
  • → Mongolian: ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ (baɣsi) / багш (bagš, “teacher, instructor; master; trainer”)
  • → Kazakh: бақсы (baqsy, “shaman, sorcerer”)
  • → Kyrgyz: бакшы (bakşı, “shaman, Islamic faith healer”)
  • → Persian: بخشی (baxši, “scribe, secretary; surgeon; vice-regent; inspector; grand falconer”)
  • → Southern Altai: бакшы (bakšï, “leader”)
  • → Uyghur: باخشى (baxshi, “sorcerer, shaman, wizard; witchcraft healer, witch-doctor”), باخشىلىق (baxshiliq, “falconry, hunting with birds of prey; witchcraft, shamanism”)
  • → Tatar: багучы (bağuçı, “shaman, healer”)
  • → Turkmen: bagşy (“Turkmen shaman singers who play Dutar , shaman healer”)

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
博 士
はく
Grade: 4		 し
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 博士 (pak dzriX) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun

博(はく)士(し) • (hakushi) 

  1. a doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
博 士
はく > はか
Grade: 4		 し > せ
Grade: 5
irregular

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 博士 (pak dzriX). Unattested in extant Old Japanese texts, but likely borrowed in the Old Japanese period, being an official title in the ritsuryō system.[4]

Pronunciation

Noun

博(はか)士(せ) • (hakase) 

  1. (history) a court academician
  2. a doctor (person who has attained a doctorate)
  3. an expert
Derived terms
Descendants

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
博 士
ひろ
Grade: 4		 し
Grade: 5
yutōyomi

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Proper noun

博(ひろ)士(し) • (Hiroshi) 

  1. a male given name

References
  1. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN

Korean
Hanja in this term
博士

Noun

博士 • (baksa or McCune-Reischauer: paksa or Yale: pakqsa) (hangeul 박사)

  1. Hanja form? of 박사 (“doctor”).

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
博士

Noun

博士

  1. chữ Hán form of bác sĩ (“medical doctor; physician”).
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